ISSN 2097-6046（网络）
ISSN 2096-7446（印刷）
CN 10-1655/R
主管：中国科学技术协会
主办：中华护理学会
中华急危重症护理杂志

中华急危重症护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (9): 1140-1149.doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.09.019

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

ICU患者困难气道相关风险评估工具的范围综述

张玉萍1(), 唐佳迎2, 王冬雪3, 纪建光3, 施庆余4,*()   

  1. 1 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院护理部 杭州市 310009
    2 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院急诊监护室 杭州市 310009
    3 澳门大学医学院 澳门特别行政区 999078
    4 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院麻醉科 杭州市 310009
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-08-31
  • 通讯作者: *施庆余，E-mail：shiqinyu_001@zju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张玉萍：女，硕士，副主任护师，E-mail：zhangyuping@zju.edu.cn
    作者贡献声明

    张玉萍：文献检索与资料提取、论文撰写；唐佳迎：文献检索与资料提取、论文修改；王冬雪：文献检索与筛选、论文修改；纪建光：研究指导、论文修改；施庆余：选题设计、论文修改、基金立项

  • 基金资助:
    浙江省教育厅抗疫专项项目(Y202043482)

Difficult airway related risk assessment tools in ICU patients：a scoping review

ZHANG Yuping1(), TANG Jiaying2, WANG Dongxue3, JI Jianguang3, SHI Qingyu4,*()   

  1. 1 Department of Nursing， the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine， Hangzhou 310009， China
    2 Emergency Intensive Care Unit， the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine， Hangzhou 310009， China
    3 Faculty of Medicine， University of Macau， Macao SAR 999078， China
    4 Department of Anesthesiology， the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine， Hangzhou 310009， China
  • Received:2026-04-30 Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-08-31
  • Contact: * SHI Qingyu，E-mail：shiqinyu_001@zju.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Special Project for Epidemic Prevention and Control by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(Y202043482)

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摘要：

目的 对ICU患者困难气道相关风险评估工具的研究进行范围综述，系统梳理其类型、应用现状及特点，为临床风险识别与管理提供参考。方法 采用范围综述方法，检索PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网和万方数据库，检索时限为建库至2026年4月20日。由2名研究者独立完成文献筛选与资料提取，并对纳入研究进行整合分析。结果 共纳入18篇文献。现有风险评估工具主要包括量表评分或分级工具、结构化临床评估，以及影像设备或床旁试验类。不同工具在评估目标、实施时点、判定界值及预测效能等方面存在差异。结论 ICU患者困难气道相关风险评估工具主要应用于插管前、围插管期及拔管3个阶段。临床应结合患者主要风险、评估时点及床旁条件，选择相应工具开展分阶段、动态评估。

关键词: 重症监护病房, 困难气道, 再插管困难, 评估工具, 范围综述

Abstract:

Objective To conduct a scoping review on difficult airway related risk assessment tools for ICU adult patients，systematically categorize their types，current applications，and characteristics，and provide references for clinical risk identification and management. Methods A scoping review method was employed，with searches conducted in PubMed，Web of Science，CINAHL，Cochrane Library，CNKI，and Wanfang databases from inception to April 20th，2026. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction，followed by integrated analysis of the included studies. Results A total of 18 articles were included. Current risk assessment tools primarily included scale-based scoring or grading tools，structured clinical evaluations，and imaging devices or bedside tests. Different tools varied in terms of assessment objectives，implementation timing，cutoff value，and predictive efficacy. Conclusion There are various risk assessment tools for difficult airways in ICU patients，which are mainly applied to pre-intubation，peri-intubation，and extubation risk assessment. Clinically，the appropriate tool should be selected for phased，dynamic assessment based on the patient’s primary risks，the timing of evaluation，and bedside conditions.

Key words: Intensive Care Units, Difficult Airway, Reintubation Difficulty, Assessment Tools, Scoping Review