NICU极低出生体重儿照护者出院准备服务信息化平台的构建及应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建新生儿重症监护病房（neonatal intensive care unit，NICU）极低出生体重儿照护者出院准备服务信息化平台，并评价其应用效果。方法基于家庭赋权理论，采用文献分析、用户需求分析及Delphi专家函询法，构建高质量、多功能、易用的出院准备服务信息化平台。方便选取2024年1月—10月入住江苏省某三级甲等医院NICU的62例极低出生体重儿及其照护者，随机分为试验组（n=31）和对照组（n=31）。试验组给予信息化出院准备服务，对照组给予常规出院准备服务。比较两组照护者的出院准备度、照护能力、压力水平与满意度，患儿体格发育指标、母乳喂养率、喂养不耐受发生率和行为神经评分，分析住院天数、费用及出院1个月内再入院率。结果不同时间点两组照护者出院准备度、照护能力、压力水平，患儿体重、身长、母乳喂养率、喂养不耐受发生率比较，均有时间、组间效应（P<0.05），头围组间效应不显著（P>0.05）。简单效应分析显示，两组照护者出院准备度、照护能力、压力水平与满意度，患儿体重、身长、母乳喂养率、喂养不耐受发生率和行为神经评分差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），头围组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；住院时间和费用差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），试验组出院1个月内再入院率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论出院准备服务信息化平台有助于提高照护者出院准备度、照护能力与满意度，降低压力水平，改善极低出生体重儿生长发育结局，提升医疗资源利用效率。

关键词: 新生儿重症监护病房, 极低出生体重儿, 出院准备服务, 信息化平台

Abstract:

Objective To develop and assess an information-based discharge preparation platform for caregivers of very low birth weight infants（VLBWI） in the NICU.Methods Guided by family empowerment theory，a multifunctional，user-friendly platform was created through literature review，user needs analysis，and Delphi consultation. Sixty-two VLBWI and their caregivers in a tertiary NICU in Jiangsu Province（January-October 2024） were randomly assigned to an experimental group（n=31） and a control group（n=31）. The experimental group received information-based discharge services，while the control group received standard care. Outcomes included caregiver readiness，caregiving ability，stress，satisfaction，infant growth，breastfeeding rate，feeding intolerance，neurological development，hospital stay，cost，and unplanned readmissions.Results Significant time and intergroup effects（P<0.05） were observed in caregiver discharge readiness，caregiving ability，stress，infant weight，height，breastfeeding rate，and feeding intolerance among different time points，but there was no significant inter group effect on head circumference（P>0.05）. Simple effects analysis revealed significant differences（P<0.05） in discharge readiness，caregiving ability，stress level，satisfaction，weight，height，breastfeeding rate，feeding intolerance incidence，and behavioral neurological score between the two groups.No significant difference was found in head circumference（P>0.05）. The experimental group had lower unplanned readmission rates（P<0.05），but no significant differences were observed in hospital stay length or costs（P>0.05）.Conclusion The information-based platform improves caregiver readiness，caregiving ability，and satisfaction，reduces stress，enhances infant growth，and optimizes medical resource use.

Key words: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Very Low Birth Weight Infant, Discharge Planning, Informatization Platform

卞黎萍, 王草源, 任义梅. NICU极低出生体重儿照护者出院准备服务信息化平台的构建及应用[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2026, 7(3): 286-293.

BIAN Liping, WANG Caoyuan, REN Yimei. The development and application of information-based discharge preparation platform for caregivers of very low birth weight infants in NICU[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(3): 286-293.

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