Objective To formulate a follow-up checklist for postoperative patients of pancreatic cancer undergoing radical resection combined with intestinal autotransplantation，and provide a scientific tool to support the follow-up work，timely identify and solve problems encountered by patients after discharge，and ensure the long-term efficacy. Methods The first draft of the follow-up checklist was constructed through literature review，and the final draft of the follow-up checklist was formed by conducting 2 rounds of correspondence with 14 experts using the Delphi method in September 2024，screening experts’ opinions and revising and improving the checklist. The convenience sampling method was adopted to select 14 postoperative patients of pancreatic cancer with radical resection combined with intestinal autotransplantation from a tertiary class A hospital in Zhejiang Province in November 2024 as the research subjects. The nurses conducted telephone follow-up to the patients with the postoperative follow-up list and evaluated the follow-up list. Results The effective response rates of 2 rounds of expert consultations were 93.33% and 100%，the authoritative coefficients were 0.939 and 0.947，the variation coefficients of each item ranged from 0 to 0.167 and from 0 to 0.141，and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.137 and 0.140（P<0.05）. The final follow-up checklist included 3 primary indicators，12 secondary indicators and 27 tertiary indicators. Both nurses and patients believed that the follow-up checklist was comprehensive with strong professional and clinical practicability. Conclusion The follow-up checklist is reasonable in structure，comprehensive in content，specialized and practical，which can provide a scientific and standardized tool to support post-discharge follow-up of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing radical resection combined with intestinal autotransplantation.

Objective To address the core issues of doctor-patient communication in critical care medicine，an ICU full-cycle intelligent science popularization management system was developed to enhance family members’ cognition and facilitate effective communication by medical staff. Methods A non-randomized controlled quasi-experimental study was conducted. Convenience sampling was used to select 160 ICU patients and their families admitted to a tertiary hospital in Chengdu from January to August 2024. The control group（n=80，January-April 2024） received conventional education（verbal explanations + printed materials），while the intervention group（n=80，May-August 2024） received standardized，structured education via an intelligent guidance system. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess and compare the two groups in terms of family members’ understanding of ICU core knowledge（environment，procedures，treatment，prognosis，etc.），overall satisfaction，satisfaction with medical communication，incidence of medical disputes/concerns，and the quality of information delivery（completeness，clarity，and timeliness）. Results Compared to conventional education，the intelligent guidance system significantly improved patient and family satisfaction（98% and 88%，χ²=5.710，P=0.017），as well as medical staff satisfaction（98% and 86%，χ²=6.920，P=0.008），while reducing dispute rates（2.5% and 15.0%，χ²=8.273，P=0.004）. In communication efficiency，the intervention group outperformed the control group in completeness（4.6±0.5 and 3.8±0.9，t=7.320，P<0.001），clarity（4.4±0.6 and 3.6±1.0，t=8.040，P<0.001），timeliness（4.3±0.7 and 3.2±1.1，t=8.040，P<0.001），and engagement（8.5±1.2 and 6.1±1.8，t=10.450，P<0.001）. Medical staff demonstrated significantly higher patience levels（87.5% and 70.8%，χ²=6.670，P=0.010）. Conclusion The ICU intelligent guidance system significantly improved patients’ and families’ cognition doctor-patient communication，and satisfaction，warranting further validation via randomized controlled trials. This study provides an paradigm for health education in critical care and holds important reference value for advancing smart healthcare.

Objective To develop an enteral nutrition program for critically ill children with prone position ventilation and evaluate its application effectiveness. Methods A prone position ventilation enteral nutrition program for critically ill children was developed through Delphi expert consultation based on the previous evidence. Using a convenience sampling method，200 patients with prone position ventilation admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit（PICU） of a tertiary class A hospital in Jilin Province from December 2023 to October 2024 were enrolled. The experimental group received enteral nutrition treatment based on the prone position ventilation enteral nutrition program for critically ill children，while the control group received conventional enteral nutrition treatment in the PICU. The incidence of feeding intolerance symptoms，target caloric achievement rate for enteral nutrition，and interruption time of enteral feeding were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of feeding intolerance symptoms and feeding interruption time in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. The target caloric achievement rate of enteral nutrition in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of the prone position ventilation enteral nutrition program for critically can reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance symptoms，shorten feeding interruption time，and improve the feeding compliance rate in children receiving prone position ventilation.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of ketoacidosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1DM），and establish a risk prediction model of ketoacidosis in children with T1DM by using decision tree algorithm. Methods The clinical data of 218 children with T1DM treated from February 2021 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into ketoacidosis group and non-ketoacidosis group according to whether they had ketoacidosis. The risk factors of ketoacidosis in children with T1DM were screened by Logistic regression analysis. A random forest model for predicting ketoacidosis in children with T1DM was constructed using R language，and the model was internally verified by using 5-fold cross-validation method，and the prediction efficiency of the model was compared. Results Among 218 children with T1DM，66 cases had ketoacidosis，and the incidence of ketoacidosis was 30.28%. Univariate factor results showed that age，blood glucose at admission，glycated hemoglobin，preinfection，thyroid function had statistically differences（P<0.05）. The Logistic regression results indicated that increased age was a protective factor for ketoacidosis in children with T1DM，while random elevation of blood glucose at admission，elevated glycated hemoglobin，presence of propositional infection，and thyroid dysfunction were risk factors for ketoacidosis in children with T1DM（P<0.05）. The overall accuracy of the model prediction was 84.2%. Internal verification showed that the prediction accuracy of the model was 77.6%. The AUC value of random forest model in predicting the occurrence of ketoacidosis in children with T1DM was similar to that of Logistic regression model，and both models had better predictive efficacy. Conclusion The random forest model constructed in this study can predict the risk of developing ketoacidosis in children with T1DM，which is helpful for nursing staff to formulate corresponding nursing intervention strategies according to the importance of different factors.

Objective To initially construct a quality evaluation index system for palliative care in pediatric intensive care units（PICUs），providing a basis for monitoring and managing the quality of palliative care in PICUs. Methods Based on the Donabedian theoretical framework，a literature review，expert Delphi method，and analytic hierarchy process were used to construct a quality evaluation index system for nursing care，including specific contents in structure，process，and outcome dimensions. Results Three rounds of expert consultation were conducted，with a 100% response rate for each round. The expert authority coefficients were 0.97，0.96，and 0.98，respectively，and the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was 0.102，0.312，and 0.344（P<0.01）. Ultimately，a quality evaluation index system for palliative care in PICUs was constructed，including 3 first-level indicators，11 second-level indicators，and 40 third-level indicators. Conclusion The index system ultimately formed in this study is both scientific and clinically applicable. It can be used as a reference for the quality review of palliative care，providing nurses with a clear working framework and norms，and offering quantifiable evaluation standards for exploring the effectiveness of palliative care intervention measures.

Objective To investigate the current situation of vaccine hesitancy，knowledge and behavior among parents of children after liver transplantation，and provide reference for standardizing vaccine administration for children after liver transplantation. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 156 parents of hospitalized children after liver transplantation from a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province from October 2023 to June 2024 as the survey subjects. General information survey form，Child Parent Vaccine Hesitancy Scale，Child Parent Vaccine Knowledge Scale，and Child Parent Vaccine Behavior Scale were used for on-site questionnaire surveys. Univariate factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to investigate the influencing factors of vaccine hesitancy among parents of children after liver transplantation. Results The score of the vaccine hesitancy scale for parents of children after liver transplantation was （37.58±16.17） points，the score of vaccination knowledge for parents of children after liver transplantation was （10.41±3.40） points. The median vaccination behavior score was 60.00（53.00，64.00）. The results of univariate analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference（P<0.05） in the vaccine hesitancy score of parents among children undergoing liver transplantation based on age and postoperative time. The vaccine hesitancy score for parents of children undergoing liver transplantation was negatively correlated with the vaccination behavior score and vaccination knowledge score，while the vaccination behavior score was positively correlated with the vaccination knowledge score（P<0.01）. Conclusion Parents of children after liver transplantation have a high degree of vaccine hesitancy，insufficient knowledge level，and their vaccination behavior needs to be strengthened. In clinical nursing work，attention should be paid to the issue of vaccination for children after liver transplantation，and the timing of vaccination education should be moved forward. Various communication modes should be used to reduce parents’ vaccine hesitancy early upon hospital admission，and online and offline joint interventions should be carried out to improve parents’ knowledge of vaccination. A social support system and information technology intervention should be established to improve vaccination behavior and enhance parents’ compliance with vaccination for children.

Objective To design a personalized neonatal facial pain scale and conduct reliability and validity tests in clinical scenarios of acute pain. Methods 118 newborns who required blood collection procedures in a tertiary class A children’s specialized hospital were selected as the research subjects. By taking videos during the blood collection process and inputting basic facial images with different identity information，a highly realistic personalized neonatal facial pain scale was automatically generated. The neonatal facial coding system and neonatal infant pain scale were compared and evaluated. 36 pediatric nurses were selected to use three different evaluation tools to rate pain in recorded videos of 118 newborns. Results The discrimination indices of Personalized Neonatal Facial Pain Scale was 0.52，The intra group correlation coefficient of inter-rater consistency for the Personalized Neonatal Facial Pain Scale was 0.792，with a test-retest reliability of 0.961. Using the Neonatal Pain Scale and the Neonatal Facial Coding System as criteria，the Spearman correlation coefficients for the validity of the Personalized Neonatal Facial Pain Scale were 0.733（P<0.001） and 0.721（P<0.001），respectively. Bland Altman analysis showed that 94.47% and 96.37% of the points fell within the consistency interval. Conclusion The Personalized Neonatal Facial Pain Scale have good discrimination of pain，reliability and validity，and can be used as a more convenient scale for evaluating acute pain in newborns.

Objective To search，evaluate and summarize the best evidence on the prevention and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia（VAP） in premature infants，so as to provide reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods Computerized searches were conducted in domestic and international websites and databases for literature on the prevention and management of VAP in preterm infants from January 1，2011 to June 30，2024. The evidence was summarized，graded and synthesized. Results A total of 12 articles were included，including 2 guidelines，2 expert consensuses，1 randomized controlled trial，4 meta-analyses，and 3 systematic reviews. Five themes and 29 best evidence items were extracted. Conclusion The summarized best evidence provides evidence-based support for clinical nurses in preventing and managing VAP in preterm infants，which is helpful in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Objective To summarize the evidence for family participatory non-pharmacological management of procedural pain in NICU neonates，and to provide a basis for clinical practice. Methods Domestic and foreign databases and relevant websites were systematically searched for the literature on family participatory non-pharmacological management of procedural pain in NICU neonates. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database until March 2024，and the evidence was extracted and summarized after a quality assessment of the literature. Results A total of 26 pieces of literature were included，including two clinical decisions，six guidelines，an expert consensus，eight evidence summaries，and nine system reviews. 41 pieces of evidence were summarized in eight areas，including institutional norms，environmental facilities，multidisciplinary team，training and education，communication and support，pain assessment，non-pharmacological interventions，and effectiveness evaluation. Conclusion The best evidence summarized in this study can provide evidence-based basis for clinical healthcare professionals to target the application of evidence.

Objective To formulate the expert consensus on emergency nursing practice for patients with acute aortic dissection（AAD） （hereinafter referred to as the “consensus”） in order to standardize clinical nursing practice. Methods Based on the review of relevant literature，evaluation and summary of relevant evidence，and classification of evidence levels，the first draft of the consensus was formed. From March to April 2025，2 rounds of expert consultations and 9 experts were invited to conduct a validation and revise the items to form the final consensus. Results Totally 19 experts participated in the inquiry. The positive coefficient of experts was 95% and 100%，the authority coefficient was 0.929. The average value of each index was more than 3.5；the coefficient of variation was less than 0.25. The Kendall’s harmony coefficient for 2 rounds of expert consultation was 0.14 and 0.188（P<0.001）. The final consensus included four domains：emergency triage，emergency examination，emergency and nursing，and patient transportation. Conclusion The consensus is highly scientific，and it can provide a practical reference for clinical nurses managing emergency care for AAD patients.

This article summarized the emergency nursing experience in managing five patients with Gelsemium elegans poisoning. In view of the toxin’s rapid absorption，short clearance window，and the patients’ sudden onset of consciousness disturbance and respiratory failure，inter-institutional collaboration was implemented to ensure timely information exchange and rapid transfer. In the emergency department，ultrasound-guided lateral decubitus gastric lavage combined with subglottic aspiration was performed to enhance toxin clearance. In the ICU，respiratory and circulatory functions were closely monitored，and continuous hemofiltration was applied to accelerate toxin elimination. After active treatment and nursing care，the patients were discharged in a stable condition and remained in good health during follow-up.

To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with strongyloides stercoralis-induced hyperinfection syndrome. Key points of nursing included optimize the suction care protocol by combining with visual fiberoptic bronchoscopy，construct a multidimensional early warning and dynamic risk assessment system，standardizing nursing care during multi-drug therapy and monitoring drug efficacy，advancing stepwise nutritional protocols during intestinal injury recovery，continuous assessment and patient education during the transition period. After 12 days of active treatment and nursing care，the patient was transferred to the specialist ward and discharged with complete recovery 17 days later.

To summarize the nursing experience for a child with severe mycoplasma pneumonia complicated by plastic bronchitis and necrotizing pneumonia with hydropneumothorax and pulmonary embolism. In response to the characteristics of multiple intertwined complications and rapid progression，we implemented stepwise interventions based on dynamic "symptom-imaging-laboratory" triple monitoring，including bronchoscopic lavage to remove plastic casts，meticulous regulation of closed thoracic drainage，D-dimer-guided anticoagulation. After 36 days of treatment，the child recovered and was discharged. After 8 months of follow-up，imaging of the child showed good recovery.

To summarize the perioperative nursing experience for a patient with cardiac conduction disease who underwent subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator（S-ICD） implantation. Key nursing points included risk management of malignant arrhythmias and application of a dedicated nursing instruction card，effective management of complex vascular access and prevention of thrombosis and infection risks，dynamic assessment and refined planning for intra-hospital transfer，combined pharmacological and relaxation training for post-operative pocket pain，programming optimization and psychological cognitive intervention for inappropriate shock. After 20 days of personalized and meticulous care，the patient safely navigated the perioperative period.

Objective To explore the latent classes and influencing factors of palliative care competence among intensive care unit（ICU） nurses. Methods From March 1 to 31，2025，117 nurses from the ICU of a tertiary class A hospital in Shandong Province were selected as study participants using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a general information questionnaire and the ICU Nurses’ Palliative Care Competence Scale. Latent profile analysis was conducted to assess the palliative care competence of ICU nurses，and univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the influencing factors of latent profiles. Results The mean score of the ICU Nurses’ Palliative Care Competence Scale was（101.32±16.54），and the palliative care competence was divided into two latent profiles：high competence group（45.3%） and low competence group （54.7%）. Univariate analysis revealed that age，professional title，years of ICU experience，and number of night shifts per week were significant factors influencing palliative care competence（P<0.05）. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that years of ICU experience and number of night shifts per week were significant factors influencing the latent profiles of palliative care competence（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in palliative care competence among ICU nurses，which can be classified into two latent profiles. Nursing administrators can develop targeted improvement measures based on the influencing factors of latent profiles to enhance the palliative care competence of ICU nurses.

Objective To analyze the research hotspots and development trend of intensive nursing care decision-making at home and abroad，in order to provide references for subsequent research. Methods We searched the CNKI and Web of Science Core database from January 1，2013 to May 6，2024，and used Excel，VOS viewer and Citespace to conduct the visualization analysis. Results A total of 265 articles were included in the search，153 articles from WOS while 112 articles from CNKI. The world has experienced the impact of public health emergencies，and the number of publications has reached its first peak in the past decade，entering the initial stage of research. Keyword clustering revealed that moral dilemmas in critical care decision-making constitute a globally shared research focus，international studies predominantly focused on critically ill end-of-life patients’ moral dilemmas，while China’s research priorities centered on evidence-based scientific methods to support nursing decision-making. Conclusion Ethical dilemmas in critical care decision-making，evidence-based support，and competency enhancement are current research hotspots. It is recommended to advance the development and innovation of clinical decision-making in critical care through three key strategies，including translating practical experience into practice，fostering moral resilience，and integrating artificial intelligence innovation.

Objective To systematically evaluate risk prediction models for ventilator-associated pneumonia （VAP） in ICU mechanically ventilated patients，so as to provide references for clinical doctors and nurses to develop or select appropriate risk prediction model. Methods We systematically searched CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，CBM，PubMed，EMbase，Web of Science，CINAHL，and Cochrane Library for relevant studies published before April 30，2025. Two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted data，and evaluated the quality. Results 21 studies were included，involving 27 models with an area under the subject working characteristic curve of 0.722~1.00. The overall risk of bias in 21 studies were high，and the applicability in 13 studies was good. The bias risks were mainly due to failure to select appropriate data sources，insufficient sample sizes，improper handling of independent variables and missing data，screening predictors based on univariate analysis，and incomplete model performance evaluation. The most frequently reported predictors were ICU length of stay，duration of mechanical ventilation，APACHE Ⅱ score，tracheostomy，and combined antibiotic use. Conclusion Existing VAP risk prediction models demonstrate satisfactory predictive performance but exhibit high bias risks. Future research should prioritize methodological rigor in study design and standardized reporting to enhance model validity for clinical implementation.

Patient-generated health data（PGHD） play a central role in the early detection and risk warning of critically ill patients. Traditional monitoring technologies，however，are limited by narrow indicator scope and unstable measurement accuracy，making them insufficient to meet the complex，dynamic，and multidimensional needs of critical care monitoring. Nursing-related innovative materials，owing to their high sensitivity，wearability，and smart responsiveness，offer a novel approach for continuous data acquisition and real-time analysis of PGHD. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of such materials for perioperative critical monitoring，acute exacerbation detection in chronic disease，and early warning in oncologic emergencies. We focus on their contributions to monitoring precision and sensitivity，and the mechanisms by which they synergize with digital technologies. We also assess real-world challenges regarding clinical adaptability，translation of multisource data into actionable value，and protection of patients’ data sovereignty. Finally，we explore a new paradigm for transforming nursing-related innovative materials from passive response toward intelligent early warning，providing a reference for future research on the precision and intelligence of critical care nursing monitoring.

Objective To conduct a scoping review on the research on nurses’ participation in electroencephalo-gram（EEG） monitoring of critically ill patients，summarizing the roles，influencing factors，and training status of ICU nurses in EEG monitoring. Corresponding improvement strategies were proposed based on the current situation，providing reference for the better application of EEG in the field of critical care in the future. Methods This study was conducted based on methodological framework for scoping reviews. A systematic search was performed across multiple databases，including Embase，PubMed，Scopus，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，EBSCO，ScienceDirect，CNKI，VIP，Wanfang，and Sinomed，for relevant studies from their inception to August 2025. The included studies were then summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 21 articles published from 2012 to 2025 were included. The study categorized the influencing factors of EEG monitoring in critically ill patients into promoting and hindering factors，analyzing personal，environmental，and management aspects. The current situation of fragmented training and lack of post training assessment mechanism for EEG in the field of critical care nursing was elaborated. Conclusion EEG for critical care patient monitoring with nurse participation is essential for providing high-quality health care services. More research is needed in the future to focus on the differentiated functions of different nurse roles，such as senior practice nurses，specialist nurses，etc.，to build a training and education system，to improve the core competencies of EEG monitoring nurses，and to pay attention to the external organizational environment，in order to continually promote the standardized and precise application of EEG in critical care.

Objective To design an automatic refilling device for ventilator humidification chambers to address the limitations of traditional drip infusion methods，and evaluate its application effects in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods The automatic refilling device comprised a non-contact capacitive sensor，controller，stabilizer，and power supply. A normally closed solenoid valve，connected via an electromagnetic relay，received liquid-level signals from the sensor to regulate the opening/closing of the infusion set. From July to October 2024，60 mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit of a tertiary class A hospital in Quanzhou were enrolled and randomly assigned to an experimental group（n=30，automatic refilling device） or control group（n=30，traditional continuous drip infusion）. Outcomes included humidification chamber water-level compliance rate，daily nursing time （minutes/day），sputum viscosity，and nurses’ operational feedback. Results The experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher water-level compliance rate（P<0.05） and reduced daily nursing time compared to the control group（P<0.05）. Although sputum viscosity in the experimental group was clinically better，Generalized Estimating Equations（GEE） analysis revealed no statistically significant intergroup，time，or interaction effects（P>0.05）. Nurses’ evaluations showed a 96.65% acceptance rate for the device. Conclusion The use of automatic refilling device has achieved automatic replenishment of humidification fluid and improved the compliance rate of humidification tank water level. It is beneficial for reducing nursing time and can alleviate the burden of nursing work to a certain extent. Nurses have high recognition，and the device demonstrates innovation and practical value in critical care settings. Although the viscosity of sputum in the experimental group was better than that in the control group，the difference was not statistically significant，indicating that the humidification effect may be influenced by multiple factors and further verification is needed.