儿童肝移植受者生活质量现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.11.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查儿童肝移植受者术后生活质量的现状，并分析其影响因素。方法通过连续抽样法选取2023年8月—2024年9月在浙江省某三级甲等医院门诊进行随访的273例儿童肝移植受者，采用一般资料调查表、儿童生活质量量表（Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory^TM，PedsQL^TM）3.0移植模块进行生活质量调查。采用Pearson相关分析法分析儿童肝移植受者生活质量影响因素。结果共发放问卷281份，回收合格问卷273份。273例儿童肝移植受者中，2~4岁生活质量总分为72.28(61.41,86.41）分，5~7岁受者生活质量总分为68.48(58.15,75.00)分，8~18岁受者生活质量总分为71.96(60.98,94.57)分。单因素分析结果显示，城镇户口受者生活质量总分高于农村户口受者（P<0.05），家庭月收入高的受者生活质量高于家庭月收入低的受者（P<0.05）。不同年龄组问卷“药物不良反应”“担忧”“对外貌的自我感觉”3个维度差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。相关分析结果显示，移植术后时间与“药物依从性”和“移植后社会关系”2个维度均呈正相关（r=0.214，P<0.001；r=0.167，P=0.006），受者身高与“药物不良反应”和“焦虑治疗”2个维度均呈正相关（r=0.242，P<0.001；r=0.145，P=0.016），受者体重与“药物不良反应”和“焦虑治疗”2个维度均呈正相关（r=0.183，P=0.002；r=0.151，P=0.013）。Z评分法评价结果显示，48例受者存在生长发育障碍，其中2~4岁46例，5~7岁和8~18岁各1例。结论儿童肝移植受者术后生活质量有待提高；不同户口类型和家庭月收入是儿童肝移植受者生活质量的影响因素；移植术后时间、身高、体重与其均有一定关系。

关键词: 肝移植, 儿童, 生活质量, 问卷调查

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of postoperative quality of life of pediatric liver transplant recipients and to analyze its related factors. Methods A total of 273 pediatric liver transplant recipients who were followed up in the outpatient clinic of a tertiary class A hospital in Zhejiang Province from August 2023 to September 2024 were selected by continuous sampling method，and the quality of life survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire and the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM（PedsQLTM） 3.0 transplant module. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the quality of life of pediatric liver transplant recipients. Results A total of 281 questionnaires were distributed，and 273 qualified questionnaires were recovered. Among 273 pediatric liver transplant recipients,the total quality of life score was 72.28（61.41，86.41） for recipients aged 2~4 years，68.48（58.15，75.00） for recipients aged 5~7 years, and 71.96（60.98，94.57） for recipients aged 8~18 years. The results of univariate analysis showed that the total quality of life score of urban recipients was higher than that of rural recipients（P<0.05），and the quality of life of recipients with high monthly household income was higher than that of recipients with low monthly household income（P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the three dimensions of “adverse drug reactions”“worry” and “self-perception of appearance” of questionnaires among different age groups（P<0.05）. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was positively correlation between post-transplant time and two dimensions of “drug compliance” and “post-transplant social relationship”（r=0.214，P<0.001；r=0.167，P=0.006），and the height of the recipient was positively correlated with the two dimensions of “adverse drug reaction” and “anxiety treatment”（r=0.242，P<0.001；r=0.145，P=0.016），and the weight of the recipient was positively correlated with the two dimensions of “adverse drug reaction” and “anxiety treatment”（r=0.183，P=0.002；r=0.151，P=0.013）. The results of Z-score method showed that 48 recipients had growth and development disorders，including 46 cases at the age of 2~4 years old，and 1 case at the age of 5~7 years and 1 case at the age of 8~18 years. Conclusion The quality of life of pediatric liver transplant recipients needs to be improved. Different resident types and monthly household income were the influencing factors for the quality of life of pediatric liver transplant recipients. The time after transplantation，height and weight are all related to the quality of life.

Key words: Liver Transplantation, Children, Quality of Life, Questionnaires

王燕, 卢芳燕, 徐汝, 吴静韵, 汤洒潇, 吉莉. 儿童肝移植受者生活质量现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2025, 6(11): 1349-1354.

WANG Yan, LU Fangyan, XU Ru, WU Jingyun, TANG Saxiao, JI Li. Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of quality of life in pediatric liver transplant recipients[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(11): 1349-1354.

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