ISSN 2097-6046（网络）
ISSN 2096-7446（印刷）
CN 10-1655/R
主管：中国科学技术协会
主办：中华护理学会
中华急危重症护理杂志

中华急危重症护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (7): 827-835.doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.07.008

• 急危重症疼痛管理专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

重症患者非药物镇痛证据图谱的构建研究

韩建萍1(), 任亚星1, 李影1, 候朋晓1, 王亚丽2, 鄂海燕3,*()   

  1. 1 北京中医药大学东方医院重症医学科 北京市 100078
    2 北京中医药大学东方医院中医非药物疗法中心 北京市 100078
    3 北京中医药大学东方医院护理部 北京市 100078
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-01
  • 通讯作者: *鄂海燕，E-mail：dy-809@163.com
  • 作者简介:韩建萍：女，本科，主管护师，护士长，E-mail：hanyim80@163.com
    作者贡献声明

    韩建萍：研究设计、数据整理、图表绘制、论文撰写；任亚星：文献检索与筛选、数据整理、文献质量评价、作图；李影、候朋晓、王亚丽：文献检索与筛选、数据整理、文献质量评价；鄂海燕：研究设计、论文修改、论文指导、质量控制

  • 基金资助:
    中央高水平中医医院临床科研业务费资助(DFRC-QHTS2025-006)

A study on the construction of evidence map for non-pharmacological analgesia in critically ill patients

HAN Jianping1(), REN Yaxing1, LI Ying1, HOU Pengxiao1, WANG Yali2, E Haiyan3,*()   

  1. 1 Intensive Care Unit， Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100078， China
    2 Traditional Chinese Medicine Non-Pharmaceutical Outpatient Clinic， Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100078， China
    3 Department of Nursing， Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100078， China
  • Received:2025-09-02 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-01
  • Contact: *E Haiyan，E-mail：dy-809@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National High Level Chinese Medicine Hospital Clinical Research Funding(DFRC-QHTS2025-006)

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摘要：

目的 系统描述及评价非药物干预重症患者疼痛现状及相关证据，以期为临床非药物镇痛的研究与应用提供循证支持。方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库，获取近10年非药物干预重症患者疼痛的系统评价或Meta分析。严格按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献，采用系统评价偏倚风险评估工具2进行方法学质量评价；采用证据图谱综合呈现纳入文献的相关信息。结果 共纳入15篇文献，涉及7种非药物镇痛措施：虚拟现实技术、针刺类疗法、按摩推拿、音乐干预、引导意象、精神照护、芳香疗法等。纳入文献结果提示，非药物干预在缓解重症患者疼痛方面具有一定效果。质量评价结果显示，文献整体方法学质量不高，高级2篇，中级4篇，低级6篇，极低级3篇。证据图谱结果表明，4项研究结论为有益，9项为可能有益，1项为无差异性效应，1项为不确定。结论 现有证据表明，非药物干预能缓解重症患者疼痛情况，但相关研究的方法学质量有待提高。建议今后开展规范的、高质量研究，为重症患者疼痛的非药物干预提供更科学可靠的证据支持。

关键词: 非药物干预, 重症患者, 疼痛, 证据图谱, 循证护理

Abstract:

Objective To systematically describe and evaluate the current situation and relevant evidence of non-pharmaceutical intervention for pain in critically ill patients，to provide evidence-based support for the application of non-pharmaceutical analgesia in clinical practice. Methods PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，CINAHL，CNKI，VIP，and Wanfang databases were retrieved to obtain systematic reviews or meta-analyses of pain in critically ill patients with non-pharmaceutical interventions in the past 10 years. Literature was screened strictly in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria，and the methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2（AMSTAR 2）. The relevant information of the included literature was comprehensively presented by using the evidence map. Results A total of 15 articles were included in this study，including 7 non-pharmaceutical analgesic measures：virtual reality technology，acupuncture therapy，massage，music intervention，guided imagery，spiritual care，and aromatherapy. The included literature suggested that non-pharmacological interventions had a certain effect in relieving pain in critically ill patients. The quality evaluation results showed that the overall methodological quality of the papers was low，with 2 papers rated as high，4 as intermediate，6 as low，and 3 as very low. The results of the evidence map showed that the conclusions of 4 studies were beneficial，9 were possibly beneficial，1 had no differential effect，and 1 was uncertain. Conclusion The current evidence shows that non-pharmacological interventions can relieve pain in critically ill patients，but the methodological quality of relevant studies needs to be improved. It is suggested that standardized and high-quality research should be carried out in the future to provide more scientific and reliable evidence to support non-pharmacological interventions for pain in critically ill patients.

Key words: Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention, Critically Ill Patients, Pain, Evidence Map, Evidence-Based Nursing