67所三级甲等医院急诊科护士遭受患方工作场所语言暴力的现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.10.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查三级甲等医院急诊科护士遭受患方工作场所语言暴力（workplace verbal abuse，WPVA）的现状并分析其影响因素。方法 2024年6月—7月，采用便利抽样法选取中国15个省（自治区、直辖市）67所三级甲等医院的1 597名急诊科护士作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、自行设计的急诊科护士遭受患方WPVA现状调查问卷、杰弗逊共情量表-医务人员版、护生临床沟通能力量表对其进行调查，采用单因素分析及二元Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果三级甲等医院急诊科护士遭受患方WPVA的发生率为57.88%。Logistic回归分析显示，未婚、每月中夜班数多、医院对既往WPVA处理不得力、共情能力低和临床沟通能力低的急诊科护士，遭受患方WPVA的风险更高。结论急诊科护士遭受患方WPVA的发生率较高，护理管理者应关注并识别遭受患方WPVA的风险人群，并根据相关因素制订干预措施，减少急诊科护士遭受患方WPVA的发生。

关键词: 急诊科, 护士, 工作场所语言暴力, 影响因素, 护理管理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of workplace verbal abuse（WPVA） by patients among emergency department nurses in tertiary class A hospitals. Methods From June to July 2024，a total of 1，597 emergency department nurses from 67 tertiary class A hospitals across 15 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China were recruited via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire，a self-designed WPVA incidence survey，the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-health Professionals，and the Clinical Communication Competence Scale for Nursing Students. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were employed to identify influencing factors. Results The incidence of WPVA among emergency department nurses was 57.88%. Logistic regression revealed that nurses who were unmarried，worked a higher number of night shifts per month，were employed in hospitals with ineffective handling of previous WPVA incidents，or exhibited lower empathy and clinical communication competence faced a significantly elevated risk of experiencing WPVA. Conclusion The incidence of WPVA among emergency department nurses is relatively high. Nursing managers should pay attention to and identify the risk population of WPVA，and formulate intervention measures based on relevant factors to reduce the occurrence of WPVA among emergency department nurses.

Key words: Emergency Department, Nurses, Workplace Verbal Abuse, Influencing Factors, Nursing Management

齐建伟, 罗业涛, 张克标, 古满平, 傅仕敏, 马应卓, 蒋婧, 刘敏, 赵庆华. 67所三级甲等医院急诊科护士遭受患方工作场所语言暴力的现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2025, 6(10): 1232-1238.

QI Jianwei, LUO Yetao, ZHANG Kebiao, GU Manping, FU Shimin, MA Yingzhuo, JIANG Jing, LIU Min, ZHAO Qinghua. Status and influencing factors of workplace verbal abuse by patients among emergency nurses in 67 tertiary class A hospitals[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(10): 1232-1238.

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