急诊科护士灾害救援体验质性研究的Meta整合

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.08.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统评价与分析急诊科护士灾害救援体验的质性研究，为提高急诊科护士灾害救援能力和改善其灾害救援心理负担等提供依据。方法系统检索中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、 Cochrane Library、Web of science及Embase中关于急诊科护士灾害救援体验有关的质性研究，检索时限为建库至2024年4月30日，2名研究者采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价工具独立进行文献质量评价，采用汇集性整合方法对纳入的文献进行整合和分析。结果共纳入14篇文献，提炼出43个研究结果，归纳为11个类别，综合成4个整合结果：急诊科护士灾害救援负性体验、急诊科护士灾害救援正性体验、急诊科护士灾害救援支持与需求、急诊科护士灾害救援未来挑战。结论灾害救援给急诊科护士的生理、心理和社会方面带来了许多困扰。“医院-护理管理者-护士”三方面均应重视急诊科护士灾害救援的经历及体验，协助其进行自我调适，提高其灾害救援能力。

关键词: 急诊科, 护士, 灾害救援, 质性研究, Meta整合

Abstract:

Objective To systematically evaluate and analyze the qualitative research on disaster relief experience of emergency department nurses，in order to provide evidence for improving their disaster relief ability and psychological burden of emergency department nurses. Methods Qualitative studies on disaster relief experience of nurses in emergency department were systematically searched from CNKI，VIP database，Wanfang Database，Chinese Biomedical Literature database，PubMed，Cochrane Library，Web of science and Embase. The search period was from the establishment of the database to April 30，2024. The literature quality was evaluated independently using the Joanna Briggs Institute（JBI） Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Qualitative Research Quality Evaluation tool，and the included literature was integrated and analyzed using the pooled integration method. Results A total of 14 literatures were included，and 43 research results were extracted and summarized into 11 categories，which were summarized into 4 integrated results：negative experience of emergency department nurses in disaster relief，positive experience of emergency department nurses in disaster relief，support and demand of emergency department nurses in disaster relief，and future challenges of emergency department nurses in disaster relief. Conclusion Disaster rescue brings many troubles to the physical，psychological and social aspects of emergency department nurses. The three aspects of "hospital - nursing manager - nurse" should all attach importance to the experience and feelings of disaster rescue，assist emergency department nurses in self-adjustment，and improve their disaster rescue ability.

Key words: Emergency Department, Nurse, Disaster Relief, Qualitative Research, Meta Integration

陈盼君, 李博, 赵亚缇, 郭新真. 急诊科护士灾害救援体验质性研究的Meta整合[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2025, 6(8): 1010-1016.

CHEN Panjun, LI Bo, ZHAO Yati, GUO Xinzhen. Experience of emergency department nurses in disaster relief：a qualitative meta-synthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(8): 1010-1016.

图/表 4

参考文献 30

[1]	任丽芳, 李樱子, 樊晓奇, 等. 综合医院护士灾害救护准备能力的现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(13):1623-1629. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.13.014
	Ren LF, Li YZ, Fan XQ, et al. Analysis on the status quo and influencing factors of clinical nurses’ disaster preparedness ability[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2023, 58(13):1623-1629. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.13.014
[2]	United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Global as-sessment report on disaster risk reduction 2022:our world at risk:transforming governance for a resilient future[R/OL].(2022-05-25) [2022-12-15]. https//www.undrr.org/gar2022-our-worldrisk.
[3]	中华护理学会, 中国生命关怀协会人文护理专业委员会. 中国护士伦理准则[J]. 中国医学伦理学, 2020, 33(10):1232-1233.
	Chinese Nursing Association, Human Care Professional Com-mittee of China Life Care Association. The ethical guidelines for nurses in China[J]. Chin Med Ethics, 2020, 33(10):1232-1233.
[4]	胡露红, 汪晖, 黄素芳, 等. 依托国家重大公共卫生事件医学中心的突发事件应急管理实践[J]. 护理学杂志, 2021, 36(21):54-57.
	Hu LH, Wang H, Huang SF, et al. Nursing management prac-tice for emergency events with backing from the National Me-dical Center for Major Public Health Events[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2021, 36(21):54-57.
[5]	朱迪, 董珊, 柯菊青, 等. 江苏省急诊护士灾害护理能力现状调查与影响因素分析[J]. 中国卫生质量管理, 2023, 30(9):50-53.
	Zhu D, Dong S, Ke JQ, et al. Current situation and influencing factors of emergency nurses’ disaster nursing ability in Jiangsu Province[J]. Chin Health Qual Manag, 2023, 30(9):50-53.
[6]	税宇萍, 冯先琼, 张建娜, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下急诊科护士灾害护理能力与压力负荷的相关性研究[J]. 护理管理杂志, 2021, 21(12):877-881.
	Shui YP, Feng XQ, Zhang JN, et al. The relationship between disaster nursing competence and stress overload of emergency nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic[J]. J Nurs Adm, 2021, 21(12):877-881.
[7]	郭文丹, 吕小英, 李洪艳, 等. 护士应对突发灾害事件中救护体验质性研究的Meta整合[J]. 循证护理, 2022, 8(19):2575-2582.
	Guo WD, Lü XY, Li HY, et al. Qualitative studies on nurses’ rescue experience responding to sudden disaster events:a Meta-integration[J]. Chin Evid Based Nurs, 2022, 8(19):2575-2582.
[8]	胡雁. 循证护理学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2012:1.
	Hu Y. Evidence-based nursing[M]. Beijing: People’s Medical Pub-lishing House, 2012:1.
[9]	Walsh D, Downe S. Meta-synthesis method for qualitative re-search:a literature review[J]. J Adv Nurs, 2005, 50(2):204-211.
[10]	Farokhzadian J, Shahrbabaki PM, Farahmandnia H, et al. Explo-ring the consequences of nurses’ involvement in disaster res-ponse:findings from a qualitative content analysis study[J]. BMC Emerg Med, 2024, 24(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s12873-024-00994-z pmid: 38679695
[11]	Segev R, Suliman M, Gorodetzer R, et al. Nursing roles in disa-ster zones:experiences and lessons from Turkey’s 2023 ear-thquakes[J]. Int Nurs Rev, 2025, 72(1):e12964.
[12]	张绮珊, 赖锦佳, 黄蝶卿, 等. 急诊科灾害专科护士工作体验的质性研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(3):58-61.
	Zhang QS, Lai JJ, Huang DQ, et al. Qualitative study on working experience of disaster specialist nurses in emergency department[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2023, 38(3):58-61.
[13]	王亚飞, 方梦楠, 胡国青, 等. 急诊科护士首次参与燃气爆炸灾害救援体验的质性研究[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2022, 40(5):587-590,607.
	Wang YF, Fang MN, Hu GQ, et al. Qualitative study on expe-rience of nurses participating in emergency rescue against gas explosion disaster for the first time[J]. Occup Health Emerg Rescue, 2022, 40(5):587-590,607.
[14]	陈瀚熙, 崔虹, 郜晓雯. 灾害救援专科护士野外生存训练真实体验质性研究[J]. 护理学报, 2022, 29(13):74-78. doi: 10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2022.13.074
	Chen HX, Cui H, Gao XW. A qualitative study on the real experience of field survival training for specialized nurses in disaster rescue[J]. J Nurs China, 2022, 29(13):74-78.
[15]	Hassan MA, De Vries K, Rutty J. Emergency trauma care dur-ing the COVID-19 pandemic:a phenomenological study of nurses’ experiences[J]. Int Emerg Nurs, 2022, 61:101147.
[16]	Hsu HC, Chou HJ, Tseng KY. A qualitative study on the care experience of emergency department nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Healthcare, 2021, 9(12):1759.
[17]	Jackson J, Nowell L. ‘The office of disaster management’ nurse managers’ experiences during COVID-19:a qualitative inter-view study using thematic analysis[J]. J Nurs Manag, 2021, 29(8):2392-2400.
[18]	Moradi K, Abdi A, Valiee S, et al. Nurses’ experience of pro-viding ethical care following an earthquake:a phenomenolo-gical study[J]. Nurs Ethics, 2020, 27(4):911-923.
[19]	Xue CL, Shu YS, Hayter M, et al. Experiences of nurses invol-ved in natural disaster relief:a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature[J]. J Clin Nurs, 2020, 29(23/24):4514-4531.
[20]	魏晓梅, 孙莹莹, 胡亚霁, 等. 北京市某三级甲等医院急诊护士灾害救援意愿的质性研究[J]. 全科护理, 2018, 16(15):1793-1795.
	Wei XM, Sun YY, Hu YJ, et al. Disaster assistance willingness of emergency nurses in a Tertiary Grade A hospital in Beijing:a qualitative research[J]. Chin Gen Pract Nurs, 2018, 16(15):1793-1795.
[21]	张华, 张娜, 陈洪娇. 海南省三级甲等医院护士参加台风灾害救援护理体验的质性研究[J]. 中华现代护理杂志, 2017, 23(15):1975-1978.
	Zhang H, Zhang N, Chen HJ. Qualitative study on rescue and nursing experience during typhoon disasters of nurses in ter-tiary hospitals in Hainan province[J]. Chin J Mod Nurs, 2017, 23(15):1975-1978.
[22]	Li YH, Li SJ, Chen SH, et al. Disaster nursing experiences of Chinese nurses responding to the Sichuan Ya’an earthquake[J]. Int Nurs Rev, 2017, 64(2):309-317. doi: 10.1111/inr.12316 pmid: 27659041
[23]	安云霞. 参加灾难现场救援护士心理体验的质性研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃中医药大学, 2015.
	An YX. Participate in a qualitative study on the psycholo-gical experience of rescue nurses at disaster sites[D]. Lan-zhou: Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 2015.
[24]	宋睿, 浩育盈, 李娟妮, 等. ICU护士组织支持感在抗逆力与负性情绪间的中介效应[J]. 循证护理, 2024, 10(12):2248-2254.
	Song R, Hao YY, Li JN, et al. The mediating effect of orga-nizational support on stress resistance and negative emotion in ICU nurses[J]. Chin Evid Based Nurs, 2024, 10(12):2248-2254.
[25]	柯丽, 徐兰兰, 李艳, 等. 临床护士感知社会支持和抗逆力在职业倦怠与抑郁间的链式中介效应[J]. 护理学杂志, 2024, 39(15):56-60.
	Ke L, Xu LL, Li Y, et al. Chain mediating effect of perceived social support and resilience on burnout and depression among clinical nurses[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2024, 39(15):56-60.
[26]	常攀, 王晓庆, 杜亚倩, 等. 灾害护理现状对我国灾害护理教育发展的启示[J]. 护理研究, 2024, 38(13):2328-2331.
	Chang P, Wang XQ, Du YQ, et al. Status quo of disaster nursing and its enlightenment to the development of disaster nursing education in China[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2024, 38(13):2328-2331.
[27]	张梦杰, 杨振楠, 张建霞, 等. 多元化教学方法提高急诊护士专业实践能力的实践[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2020, 1(5):412-415.
	Zhang MJ, Yang ZN, Zhang JX, et al. Effects of the diversified teaching mode in training the professional practical ability of emergency nurses[J]. Chin J Emerg Crit Care Nurs, 2020, 1(5):412-415.
[28]	王花芹, 余强, 范小玉, 等. 灾害救援储备护士社会责任现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2024, 5(5):395-400.
	Wang HQ, Yu Q, Fan XY, et al. Analysis of social respon-sibility status and influencing factors of reserve nurses in disaster assistance[J]. Chin J Emerg Crit Care Nurs, 2024, 5(5):395-400.
[29]	张玉磊. 中国公共危机治理模式的发展演变与变革取向:基于应急管理体系发展史的考察[J]. 江汉学术, 2021, 40(4):34-43.
	Zhang YL. The development and change of public crisis go-vernance model in China:a survey based on the development history of emergency management system[J]. Jianghan Acad, 2021, 40(4):34-43.
[30]	薛超莉, 束余声. 护理管理者参与跨国线上灾害管理课程培训体验及需求的质性研究[J]. 护理研究, 2024, 38(5):911-914.
	Xue CL, Shu YS. Experience and needs of nursing managers participating in transnational online disaster management courses:a qualitative research[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2024, 38(5):911-914.