Table of Content

10 March 2026, Volume 7 Issue 3 Previous Issue   

Research Paper

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The application effect of temperature management based on time points in patients undergoing surgery for multiple injuries HU Yingying, DONG Yu, LIU Peipei, ZHANG Wenjie, ZHANG Yanqun 2026, 7 (3):  261-266.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1098KB) ( )   Save Objective To explore the application effect of time-axis oriented temperature protection strategy in patients undergoing multiple trauma surgery. Methods 94 patients with multiple injuries treated in a Grade-A tertiary hospital in Xi ’an City from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Among them，47 patients treated from January to June 2024 were assigned to the control group，and 47 patients treated from July to December 2024 were assigned to the experimental group. The control group received routine temperature management in the operating room，while the experimental group received a time-axis oriented temperature protection strategy. The core body temperatures of the two groups at the time of entering the operating room（T0），30 minutes into the surgery（T1），90 minutes into the surgery（T2），and at the time of incision closure（T3） were compared，as well as the incidence of intraoperative shivering and the incidence of adverse events.Results At T2 and T3，the core body temperatures of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group[（35.95±0.42） ℃ vs（35.73±0.59） ℃，（36.17±0.30） ℃ vs（35.89±0.56） ℃]，all P<0.05. The incidence of intraoperative shivering of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group（2.13% vs 17.02%，P< 0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups （P>0.05）.Conclusion Compared with routine temperature management in the operating room，the time-axis-based temperature protection strategy has a more significant effect on maintaining body temperature in patients with multiple injuries undergoing surgery，and reduces the rate of intraoperative shivering. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and feasibility analysis of a full-process management program for oxygenators in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy ZHANG Shuai, GAO Xin, QIAN Jiawei, WANG Xiao, SHEN Danping, LI Wenya, SHEN Xiulan 2026, 7 (3):  266-273.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1249KB) ( )   Save Objective To Construct a full-process management plan for oxygenators in patients undergoing ex-tracorporeal membrane oxygenation（ECMO） therapy，so as to provide a reference for clinical nursing.Methods The literature analysis method was adopted to construct a preliminary full-process management plan for oxygenators in ECMO patients. From November to December 2024，the Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of correspondence consultation with 15 experts，and the final full-process management plan for oxygenators in ECMO patients was formed.Results The effective response rate of the expert consultation questionnaires in both rounds was 100%. The authority coefficients were 0.87 and 0.917 respectively. For the two rounds of expert consultation，the coefficient of variation for the importance of each item was 0-0.422 and 0-0.148，while the coefficient of variation for the feasibility of each item was 0-0.235 and 0-0.133 respectively. The Kendall’s concordance coefficient for importance was 0.178（χ2=101.102，P<0.001） and 0.212（χ2=158.536，P<0.001） in the two rounds，and the Kendall’s concordance coefficient for feasibility was 0.212（χ2=94.538，P<0.001） and 0.268（χ2=106.214，P<0.001） respectively. Eventually，a full-process management plan for oxygenators in ECMO patients，which included 6 dimensions and a total of 35 items，was formulated.Conclusion The full-process oxygenator management protocol for ECMO patients demonstrates high scientific rigor，reliability，and feasibility，serving as a valuable reference for clinical practitioners in optimizing ECMO oxygenator management. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Commentary

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Implementation and quality control of an integrated prevention and management strategy for venous thromboembolism CHEN Zhaofei, WANG Wei, ZHAI Zhenguo 2026, 7 (3):  274-278.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (914KB) ( )   Save Venous thromboembolism（VTE） has emerged as a critical global public health concern，with its prevention and management encountering multifaceted challenges in quality and safety. This study systematically examines current VTE prevention practices from a nursing management perspective，identifying three fundamental issues，including inconsistent application of risk assessment tools，suboptimal adherence to preventive measures，and deficiencies in quality monitoring systems. From a practical perspective，it is emphasized that it is necessary to establish an integrated “assessment，early warning and quality control” management framework，encompassing standardized basic precautions，optimized mechanical prophylaxis，and tailored pharmacological interventions. Innovative management strategies include artificial intelligence-assisted（AI-assisted） workload reduction for nursing staff and data-driven quality control enhancement. Consequently，future initiatives should focus on expanding prevention coverage to high-risk populations，investigating integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine approaches，and strengthening primary healthcare capacity. Implementation of multidisciplinary nursing management models may facilitate attainment of national VTE prevention quality objectives. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Special Planning—Intelligent and Digital Nursing Innovation and Application

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Construction and application of intelligent collaborative transport mode for critically ill newborns WANG Xin, YANG Jingjing, GUO Wanxu, GAO Yuxian, ZHANG Yunfeng 2026, 7 (3):  279-285.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1541KB) ( )   Save Objective To establish a digital and intelligent collaborative transport mode based on the information-based integration platform，to analyze the application effect of this mode and put forward the corresponding countermeasures for existing problems to reshape the collaborative transport and treatment process of critically ill newborns.Methods With the three-tier theoretical framework of the Internet of Things，information integration and cloud collaboration as the core，the collaborative transfer model based on an integrated information platform was constructed through extending the pre-hospital emergency interface，achieving precise remote transfer linkage，optimizing automated office work，and providing internet-based medical information support. Compared with the traditional transport mode from February 2019 to February 2022，we analyzed the effect of intelligent collaborative transport model for critically ill newborns in the neonatal department of a tertiary hospital in Jilin Province from March 2022 to March 2025.Results The integrated information platform was used to cumulatively transfer 353 critically ill neonates，with the lowest birth weight being 600g and the smallest gestational age being 23 weeks. The emergency response time in the hospital was shortened from 19 minutes to 10 minutes，and the total incidence of complications was reduced by 20.01% compared with traditional transport. The satisfaction of medical staff increased to 86.07%.Conclusion This model integrates and efficiently and safely transmits data，promotes multidisciplinary collaboration，significantly enhances collaborative treatment and information interconnectivity，and improves the efficiency and quality of medical staff’s work. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The development and application of information-based discharge preparation platform for caregivers of very low birth weight infants in NICU BIAN Liping, WANG Caoyuan, REN Yimei 2026, 7 (3):  286-293.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1230KB) ( )   Save Objective To develop and assess an information-based discharge preparation platform for caregivers of very low birth weight infants（VLBWI） in the NICU.Methods Guided by family empowerment theory，a multifunctional，user-friendly platform was created through literature review，user needs analysis，and Delphi consultation. Sixty-two VLBWI and their caregivers in a tertiary NICU in Jiangsu Province（January-October 2024） were randomly assigned to an experimental group（n=31） and a control group（n=31）. The experimental group received information-based discharge services，while the control group received standard care. Outcomes included caregiver readiness，caregiving ability，stress，satisfaction，infant growth，breastfeeding rate，feeding intolerance，neurological development，hospital stay，cost，and unplanned readmissions.Results Significant time and intergroup effects（P<0.05） were observed in caregiver discharge readiness，caregiving ability，stress，infant weight，height，breastfeeding rate，and feeding intolerance among different time points，but there was no significant inter group effect on head circumference（P>0.05）. Simple effects analysis revealed significant differences（P<0.05） in discharge readiness，caregiving ability，stress level，satisfaction，weight，height，breastfeeding rate，feeding intolerance incidence，and behavioral neurological score between the two groups.No significant difference was found in head circumference（P>0.05）. The experimental group had lower unplanned readmission rates（P<0.05），but no significant differences were observed in hospital stay length or costs（P>0.05）.Conclusion The information-based platform improves caregiver readiness，caregiving ability，and satisfaction，reduces stress，enhances infant growth，and optimizes medical resource use. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Qualitative study on the experience of using eye-tracking technology in electrocardiogram training for emergency and critical care nurses CHEN Xiuwan, CHEN Fuhong, GAO Lu, GUO Jiaying, SHEN Jiali 2026, 7 (3):  294-299.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1426KB) ( )   Save Objective To explore the experiences of emergency and critical care nurses in using eye-tracking technology during electrocardiogram（ECG） training，and to provide references for improving training effectiveness.Methods Using purposive sampling，12 emergency and critical care nurses from a tertiary class A general hospital in Xiamen，Fujian Province were selected between February and March 2025 based on the principle of maximum variation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted，and data were analyzed and thematically summarized using Colaizzi’ s seven-step analysis method and NVivo 14.0 software.Results Three themes were identified：dual perception of using eye-tracking technology（positive perception due to technological attraction，negative experience due to initial adaptation barriers）；sense of training benefits from using eye-tracking technology（identification of unconscious cognitive blind spots，complementarity between theoretical and technological feedback，internalization of behavioral patterns and qualitative change in clinical decision-making）；and optimization needs for using eye-tracking technology（lightweight device design，stratified training for nurses，and data privacy protection）.Conclusion Eye-tracking technology provides a new pathway for cognitive restructuring in nurses’ ECG training，which can enhance self-directed learning and clinical decision-making abilities. However，challenges remain regarding device comfort，training adaptability，and data ethics. Administrators should optimize technical equipment，design stratified training programs，and establish privacy protection mechanisms to improve user experience and training effectiveness，thereby promoting the digital and intelligent development of nursing education. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Virtual reality for motor rehabilitation in critically ill patients：a scoping review LI Jingyi, LIU Yousheng, LIANG Guanmian, YAO Yingyan 2026, 7 (3):  299-305.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1198KB) ( )   Save Objective To conduct a scoping review of the literature on virtual reality（VR）-based interventions for motor rehabilitation in critically ill patients，with the aim of exploring specific intervention contents，outcome measures，efficacy，and limitations，thereby informing clinical application and development of related technologies.Methods A systematic literature search was performed from inception until July 16，2025，across the following electronic databases，including CNKI，Wanfang，CBM，PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，and the Cochrane Library. The search timeframe was from the establishment of the database to July 16，2025. The included literature was summarized and analyzed.Results Fourteen articles were included，comprising seven randomized controlled trials，three quasi-experimental studies，a mixed-methods study，two observational studies，and a retrospective study. The review synthesized key characteristics of VR interventions，including specific modalities，frequency，and duration. Reported outcome measures encompassed mobility，physical function，activities of daily living（ADLs） and quality of life.Conclusion The application of VR for motor rehabilitation in critically ill patients demonstrates feasibility and clinical significance. However，existing research is insufficient to draw conclusions regarding its universal applicability or absolute effectiveness. Future research should identify specific target populations for different intervention protocols and explore multidimensional implementation approaches and evaluation systems. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of clinical decision support system in emergency triage management：a scoping review YU Yanuo, SONG Yuhang, GAO Lingjie, LI Xiaobo 2026, 7 (3):  306-311.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (893KB) ( )   Save Objective To conduct a scoping review of research on the application of clinical support decision system（CDSS） in emergency triage，aiming to provide reference for the correct use of CDSS in emergency departments.Methods Computer retrieval of PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，Cochrane Library，EBSCO，CNKI，Wanfang Database，and VIP were conducted，and the search period was from the establishment of the database until February 2025. We screened relevant studies on the application of CDSS in emergency triage，analyzed the basic characteristics，functions，feasibility，and effects of CDSS based on a scoping review research framework.Results A total of 14 articles was included. CDSS can effectively improve resource allocation and enhance triage efficiency，but its application in triage management was mainly focused on automatic grading，lacking standardized outcome indicators.Conclusion CDSS can improve triage accuracy，shorten waiting time for critically ill patients，and reduce ICU admission rates. In the future，multi-center research should be conducted to establish a standardized CDSS outcome indicator system. High-quality randomized controlled trials should be conducted to validate its application effectiveness. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Emergency Care Research

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Nursing care of a child with ryanodine receptor 2 gene variant-related catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia SHEN Danjun, ZHU Jihua, XU Hongzhen, FENG Jiayan, ZHENG Hong, YE Feiya, SHENG Meijun 2026, 7 (3):  312-315.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (765KB) ( )   Save To summarize the nursing experience of a child with ryanodine receptor 2 gene variant-related catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia complicated with cardiac arrest. Given the nursing challenges of prolonged ischemic hypoxia，rapid disease progression，recurrent malignant arrhythmia，and highly sensitive emotional stimuli in this pediatric patient，we implemented rapid initiation of individualized high-quality targeted temperature management，conducted extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with prone ventilation therapy，promptly identified malignant arrhythmia，quickly activated the emergency response system，adopted multidimensional emotional stimulus avoidance strategies to reduce malignant arrhythmia episodes，while initiating progressive motor rehabilitation early. After 31 days of meticulous nursing，the child was successfully transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation therapy. During the 6-month follow-up period，no further malignant arrhythmia events occurred. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Emergency nursing of a patient with cardiac arrest caused by pulmonary embolism complicated by ruptured hepatic hemangioma GAO Binbing, WANG Sa, ZHOU Shuaishuai, ZHANG Yukun, WANG Yuwei 2026, 7 (3):  315-318.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (681KB) ( )   Save To summarize the emergency nursing experience for a patient with pulmonary embolism who developed ruptured hepatic hemangioma following extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation（ECPR）. Given the sudden onset，rapid progression，and dual risks of anticoagulation and bleeding，the nursing team implemented refined interventions，including zero-delay ECPR team activation，multidisciplinary collaboration，early warning of postoperative hemorrhage，dynamic anticoagulation-hemostasis balance management，and targeted temperature and neurological protection. After active intervention，the patient recovered and was discharged on postoperative day 17，with favorable outcomes at 6-month follow-up. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Critical Care Rsearch

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Nursing care for children undergoing aortic valve replacement during the hospital-home transition period YANG Yi, JIANG Weihong, JIN Hongcheng, TANG Xiaomin, ZHU Jihua 2026, 7 (3):  319-321.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (520KB) ( )   Save To summarize the nursing experience of 2 children undergoing aortic valve replacement during transition period from hospital to family. In view of the critical condition of the children and the long postoperative nursing period，nursing measures such as establishing a multidisciplinary team，implementing precise anticoagulation management，implementing progressive rehabilitation training，applying Child Life game therapy，and carrying out multiple remote follow-up were adopted. After careful nursing from the hospital to the family transition period，the two children were safely transferred to home care. The patients were followed up for 3 months after discharge，and no complications of home care occurred. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nursing care for an elderly patient undergoing lung transplantation complicated with rhabdomyolysis and receiving continuous renal replacement therapy XU Yaling, YUAN Jing, ZHANG Yujiao, WANG Weina, YING Jinping 2026, 7 (3):  322-324.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (557KB) ( )   Save This paper summarized the nursing experience of a lung transplant patient with rhabdomyolysis who underwent continuous renal replacement therapy. For elderly patient with poor multi-organ functional reserve，high risk of abnormal coagulation function，and high risk of infection under immunosuppression，the following nursing measures were taken：early initiation of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration mode treatment，using high-flux filters to enhance myoglobin clearance；implementing a stepwise anticoagulation plan，optimizing the anticoagulation strategy；strengthening catheter maintenance to prevent infection. After 30 days of individualized treatment and nursing，the patient’s creatine kinase decreased from 12，450 U/L to 287 U/L，the lower limb muscle strength recovered from grade 2 to grade 4，no bleeding or infection complications occurred，and the patient smoothly transitioned to intermittent renal replacement therapy，ultimately achieving stable discharge. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multidisciplinary collaborative nursing for an advanced-age primigravida undergoing rectal cancer radical surgery in mid pregnancy and successful delivery WU Linshan, ZHANG Ruolin 2026, 7 (3):  325-327.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (576KB) ( )   Save This report summarized the multidisciplinary collaborative nursing experience of a primigravida undergoing mid-pregnancy rectal cancer radical resection with fetal preservation. To address the core challenge of the dual treatment contradiction between oncologic radicality and strong demand for fetal preservation in the patient，and to solve the high risk of postoperative uterine contractions and premature birth，the dilemma of incision healing with abdominal pressure growth，perioperative abdominal pain differentiation，and multiple psychological crises，a nursing led multidisciplinary collaboration team has been established，to implement a tertiary uterine contraction warning system，tailored incision care，precise identification of pain sources and optimization of management，and key-node based psychological support. After 19 days of treatment，the patient was discharged and subsequently delivered a 2，100 g male infant by cesarean 60 days after the surgery，with both mother and infant in good health. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nursing care for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy undergoing transapical beating-heart septal myectomy ZHU Xujing, CHEN Xia, HUANG Aoli, FENG Jiehui, LI Shaoling 2026, 7 (3):  328-330.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (526KB) ( )   Save This study summarized the perioperative nursing experience of five patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy undergoing transapical beating-heart septal myectomy. In response a high preoperative risk of sudden cardiac death，the need for specialized bowel preparation，stringent postoperative volume management，elevated complication risks，and the necessity for tailored discharge planning，the following nursing measures were implemented. Those included risk-stratified preoperative interventions to ensure safe transition to surgery，optimized ultrasound-guided bowel preparation to achieve a clear surgical field，titrated volume management after surgery to maintain hemodynamic stability，a multi-dimensional early warning system for timely complication detection，and individualized discharge education to support recovery and improve quality of life. All five patients recovered successfully and were discharged. At one-month follow-up，five patients showed a significant decrease in left ventricular outflow tract pressure compared to preoperative levels，with overall good condition. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Quality and Safety

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Feasibility study on the application of removing radial artery hemostatic device 2 hours after coronary intervention ZHANG Xiaoqin, PAN Peizhen, WU Peiwen, LU Lan, LIU Yu, HUANG Junya, YAN Fengjiao 2026, 7 (3):  331-337.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1011KB) ( )   Save Objective To explore the feasibility of removal of radial artery hemostatic device 2 hours after the procedure in patients undergoing coronary intervention.Methods Patients who underwent transradial coronary intervention in the Department of Cardiology of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou，Guangdong Province from January to November 2024 were randomly divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method. The control group adopted the protocol of removing the hemostatic device 2 hours post-procedure，and the experimental group was treated with the protocol of removing the hemostatic device 6 hours post-procedure. The radial artery occlusion，palm swelling，pain score and bleeding at the puncture site were compared between the two groups.Results There was no difference in the incidence of radial artery occlusion between the two groups（0.5% VS 0.7%，P>0.05）. The palm swelling degree and pain score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 2 hours，4 hours，6 hours and 12 hours after the procedure（P<0.05）. There was no difference in bleeding between the two groups（2.2% VS 4.5%，P=0.150）.Conclusion Compared with removing the hemostatic device 6 hours after the procedure，the removal of the hemostatic device 2 hours after the procedure did not increase the risk of bleeding at the puncture site，but it could significantly reduce the degree of swelling and pain in the palm after the procedure and improve the comfort of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool for Families XIAO Yanping, CHEN Xiangping, LAO Yuewen, YU Wei, LIU Peiqi, ZHU Bingyan, HU Xinru 2026, 7 (3):  337-343.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1945KB) ( )   Save Objective To translate and culturally adapt the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool for Families （CPOT-Fam） and validate its psychometric properties among family members of ICU patients.Methods The CPOT-Fam was translated using the Brislin translation model，including forward and back-translation，followed by review by the original authors，cultural adaptation，and pilot testing to finalize the Chinese version. From January to March 2025，100 family members of adult patients in a general ICU of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province were recruited via convenience sampling to validate the scale’s reliability and validity.Results The internal consistency reliability Cronbach’s α coefficient for the Chinese version of CPOT-Fam was 0.786. The overall agreement between family members（CPOT-Fam） and nurses（CPOT） for pain assessment was substantial（κ= 0.681，95%CI：0.541-0.786）. Among individual items，facial expression showed the highest agreement（κ=0.814），while body movements had the lowest（κ=0.601）. The scale-level content validity index（S-CVI） was 0.99，with item-level CVI（I-CVI） ranging from 0.88 to 1.00. The criterion validity correlation coefficient was 0.783（P<0.001）.Conclusion The Chinese version of CPOT-Fam exhibits satisfactory reliability and validity，serving as an effective tool for family members to participate in pain assessment for ICU patients in a Chinese cultural context. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Career Development of Nurses

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Analysis of the latent profile characteristics and influencing factors of change fatigue of nurses in emergency department JIANG Xiuzhen, WANG Yanli, HE Huiling, WU Yan, MA Liying 2026, 7 (3):  344-350.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1090KB) ( )   Save Objective Based on the latent profile analysis，the category characteristics，inter-category differences and influencing factors of change fatigue of nurses in emergency department were discussed.Methods From January to February 2025，nurses in the emergency department of eight tertiary hospitals in Inner Mongolia were selected by convenience sampling. The general information questionnaire，the Change Fatigue Scale，the Organizational Commitment Scale，the General Self-efficacy Scale and the Psychological Resilience Scale were used to investigate. Through latent profile analysis and disordered multi-classification Logistic regression，the potential category characteristics and influencing factors of nurses ’ change fatigue were explored.Results A total of 456 emergency nurses were included，and the total score of change fatigue was （26.01±7.38）. Through latent profile analysis，change fatigue was divided into three categories：low fatigue type（26.3%），medium fatigue type（55.9%） and high fatigue type（17.8%）. The analysis found that gender，education level，years of emergency work，organizational commitment，self-efficacy and psychological resilience were the main factors affecting change fatigue（P<0.05）.Conclusion The change fatigue of nurses in the emergency department is above the middle level and presents different types of characteristics. It is suggested that nursing managers should take targeted physical and mental intervention measures according to the characteristics of the categories to alleviate their fatigue level and improve nurses’ ability to cope with changes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Eivdence Synthesis Research

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Summary of the best evidence for prevention and management of alcohol relapse behavior in patients with alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation SUN Huihui, DING Jingping, ZHANG Yuxin, HAO Xiaochen, ZHANG Bingliang 2026, 7 (3):  350-357.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1109KB) ( )   Save Objective To comprehensively search，evaluate and summarize the best evidence for prevention and management of alcohol relapse behavior in patients with alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation，so as to provide a reference for clinical medical and nursing staff.Methods According to the 6S evidence model，domestic and foreign databases and websites were systematically searched for evidence on prevention and management of alcohol relapse behavior in patients with alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation，including guidelines，clinical decisions，systematic reviews，evidence summaries，expert consensuses. The search time period was from the establishment of the database to August 1 2024. There were 2 researchers who evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted，evaluated，and integrated the evidence.Results A total of 12 articles were involved，including 2 clinical decision，5 clinical guidelines，1 expert consensus，4 systematic reviews，and 22 pieces of best evidence were summarized from 4 aspects，namely multidisciplinary team，evaluation and monitoring，preventive measures and non-drug interventions.Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence for prevention and management of alcohol relapse behavior in patients with alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation，so as to provide evidence-based basis for nursing practice. In the subsequent evidence translation process，it is essential to select evidence tailored to the specific clinical context in China，aiming to prevent alcohol relapse behavior of patients with alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation and improve their clinical outcomes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Best evidence summary for infection prevention and management in patients with left ventricular assist device implantation DENG Meng, GAO Helei, WANG Wenchun, LI Xiaoqing, ZHANG Zonghao, YU Yun 2026, 7 (3):  358-365.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1236KB) ( )   Save Objective To summarize and evaluate the evidence related to infection prevention and management in patients implanted with left ventricular assist devices（LVADs），providing a reference for clinical practice.Methods Based on the PIPOST model，we formulated evidence-based questions and systematically searched both Chinese and English databases for recommendations，guidelines，expert consensuses，suggestions，systematic reviews，original studies，and evidence summaries related to infection prevention in LVAD patients. The search covered the period from the establishment of the databases to February 1，2025.Results A total of 20 articles were included，including 3 recommended practices，2 guidelines，10 expert consensus articles，3 evidence summaries，and 2 systematic reviews. A total of 30 best evidence items were ultimately summarized across four themes：multidisciplinary team collaboration and personnel training，prevention of infections，standardized management of infections，and discharge guidance.Conclusion This study provides a detailed summary of the best evidence for infection prevention and management in LVAD patients，which is both scientific and practical. It can serve as an evidence-based reference for healthcare professionals in preventing and managing infections in LVAD patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Summary of the best evidence on non-pharmacological pain management in the perioperative period for patients undergoing cardiac surgery HUANG Fangfang, JIANG Yunlong, LIU Shengnan, ZHOU Yan, HU Jun, WEI Jianhua 2026, 7 (3):  365-372.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1095KB) ( )   Save Objective To evaluate evidence on non-pharmacological pain management for ICU cardiac surgery patients during the perioperative period，providing references for clinical pain management practice.Methods We identified evidence-based questions，developed retrieval strategies，and conducted computer searches of guidelines，evidence summaries，best practices，recommended practices，systematic reviews，and original research related to non-pharmacological pain management for cardiac surgery patients on professional guidance websites，association websites，and databases both domestically and internationally. The evidence-based team conducted quality evaluation，evidence extraction，and summary of the included literature.Results Twenty-two studies were included，synthesized into 10 dimensions with 37 pieces of evidence，covering interdisciplinary team building，non-pharmacological pain management education，pain assessment tools，management goals，implementation principles，intervention timing，preoperative management，intraoperative management，postoperative management，and process monitoring.Conclusion Non pharmacological pain management for perioperative patients in cardiac surgery is of great significance in reducing or even suspending the use of analgesics. Clinical nurses should develop indivi-dualized non-pharmacological pain intervention strategies based on pain intensity and withdrawal process of analge-sics，forming a paradigm shift from pharmacological pain management to non-pharmacological pain management. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Risk factors for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury after surgery：a scoping review MO Minling, ZENG Guqing, ZHANG Yajuan, ZHAI Dahong, LI Xiaoshan, ZHU Ying 2026, 7 (3):  373-378.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (999KB) ( )   Save Objective To synthesize the risk factors for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis（LEDVT） in patients with severe traumatic brain injury（sTBI） after surgery and identify core predictive variables to guide the development of an sTBI-specific risk prediction tool.Methods According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines，eight English and Chinese databases （PubMed，Cochrane Library，CNKI，etc.） were systematically searched from database inception to December 2024. Research questions were formulated according to the Participants-Concept-Context framework. Two researchers independently screened literature，extracted data，and prioritized variables based on frequency and clinical applica-bility.Results Thirteen studies were included，yielding 37 risk factors. Fifteen high-frequency factors （occurrence≥2 times） were identified：①Demographic characteristics：advanced age，elevated body mass index；②Trauma-related indicators：low Glasgow Coma Scale（GCS） score，prolonged intensive care unit stay；③Coagulation biomarkers：elevated D-dimer levels，prothrombin time<12 seconds；④Comorbidities：hypertension，diabetes，chronic pulmonary disease，pneumonia/pulmonary infection；⑤Iatrogenic exposures：mechanical ventilation，central venous catheterization，postoperative bedrest >1 week，blood transfusion，use of dehydrating agents.Conclusion LEDVT risk in sTBI patients is influenced by multidimensional factors，high-frequency variables identified in this review can serve as core parameters for model construction. Current evidence exhibits geographical bias and insufficient investigation into therapeutic factors. Future multicenter studies are recommended to refine standardized definitions and implement dynamic monitoring strategies. Figures and Tables | References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on sit-to-stand transition functional training in critically ill patients XU Xiumei, WANG Chen, WANG Yaping, ZHANG Yaowen, ZHU Yaqin, XIAO Peihua, LI Li 2026, 7 (3):  379-384.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.03.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (898KB) ( )   Save Sit-to-stand is a critical step in the physical rehabilitation process for critically ill patients，and its dysfunction severely affects the patient’s recovery process and prognosis. This article reviews the core value of sit-to-stand function in the physical rehabilitation of critically ill patients，systematic assessment of critically ill patients prior to implementing sit-to-stand function training，intervention strategies，and outcome evaluation，with the aim of providing reference for clinical practice in the function training for critically ill patients. Currently，standardized protocols for sit-to-stand training have yet to be developed and refined. References | Related Articles | Metrics