Table of Content

10 March 2025, Volume 6 Issue 3 Previous Issue   

Research Paper

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Application and effect evaluation of relocation stress nursing program for family members of patients with severe traumatic brain injury transferred from ICU ZHU Dongping, SHAO Peng, QIAO Yuehua, WANG Haixia, ZHANG Weiying 2025, 6 (3):  261-267.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1068KB) ( )   Save Objective To evaluate the effects of a relocation stress nursing program on the coping relocation stress of family members of patients with severe traumatic brain injury（STBI） transferred from ICU. Methods A total of 108 family members of patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were transferred out of the ICU in a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai from August 2022 to July 2023 were selected as study subjects. 54 family members from February 2023 to July 2023 were assigned to the experimental group，and 54 family members from August 2022 to January 2023 were assigned to the control group. The control group received routine care，while the experimental group received the relocation stress nursing program. Differences in relocation stress levels，social support levels，coping styles，and caregiving abilities between the two groups were compared. Results After the intervention，the experimental group showed significantly better relocation stress levels，social support levels，coping styles，and caregiving abilities compared to the control group，with statistically significant differences（P<0.001）. Conclusion The relocation stress nursing program developed in this study effectively reduced the relocation stress levels of family members，improved their coping styles，increased their social support levels and caregiving abilities，thereby creating a more favorable family support environment for patient recovery. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application effect of acute gastrointestinal injury graded management scheme in mechanical ventilated patients ZHANG Zijing, ZHENG Jianhuang, CHEN Yuzhen, JIANG Zhizhao, KANG Zhenzhen, ZHANG Longyu 2025, 6 (3):  268-274.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1775KB) ( )   Save Objective To explore the application effect of graded management scheme for acute gastrointestinal injury（AGI） in patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods A total of 76 patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit from May 2023 to December 2023 were selected by continuous sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into the experimental group（38 cases） and the control group （38 cases） using the random sequence generated by SPSS 25.0 software. The experimental group was given AGI graded management，and the control group was given routine nursing. The gastrointestinal function and nutritional status of the two groups were compared when they were offline and transferred out of ICU. Results Compared with the control group，the experimental group had a significantly lower AGI severity score and a significantly higher albumin count at weaning and ICU discharge（P<0.05）. At ICU discharge，the hemoglobin count of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05），and the nutritional risk screening score was lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. During ICU stay，the experimental group had significantly lower AGI duration，enteral nutrition interruption rate，and gastric motility drug use rate than the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Graded management of acute gastrointestinal injury can effectively reduce the severity of gastrointestinal injury during mechanical ventilation，improve gastric motility and nutritional status，and is of great significance to promote the recovery of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and applicability analysis of whole-process nursing plan from pre-hospital first aid to in-hospital rehabilitation for emergency severe trauma patients HE Shasha, WANG Zhimin, JIANG Dandan, LIU Jing, TAN Caixia, ZOU Licheng 2025, 6 (3):  275-282.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1239KB) ( )   Save Objective To construct a whole-process nursing program from pre-hospital first aid to in-hospital rehabilitation for emergency severe trauma patients based on the theory of ‘Timing It Right’，and to provide reference for clinical nursing work. Methods Guided by the theory of ‘Timing It Right’，the first draft of the intervention plan was drawn up on the basis of literature research and semi-structured interviews. From March to April 2024，18 medical and nursing experts from Hunan，Guangxi，Guangdong，Jilin，Heilongjiang Province and Beijing were consulted by Delphi experts for two rounds，and the final draft of the program was formed. Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of consultation were 94.73% and 100% respectively，and the expert authority coefficients were 0.919 and 0.917 respectively. The Kendall harmony coefficients of the importance and operability of the two rounds of consultation were 0.100，0.091，and 0.072，0.073 respectively，all P<0.05. The final intervention program includes 5 first-level items，17 second-level items and 72 third-level items. Conclusion The whole-process nursing program for emergency severe trauma patients based on the theory of ‘Timing It Right’ is scientific，reliable，targeted and continuous，which can meet the nursing needs of patients，and provide reference for improving the nursing quality of patients with severe trauma and improving the treatment effects of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the implemtation status and influencing factors of early mobilization in ICU patients in Yinchuan YANG Xingyu, WANG Ning, LI Guifang, YANG Hongxiao, WANG Jincong, LI Jiaying, YANG Qiuyan 2025, 6 (3):  283-289.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1100KB) ( )   Save Objective To investigate the status quo of early mobilization implementation in ICU patients in Yinchuan city and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 222 patients from 25 adult ICUs in 6 hospitals in Yinchuan，Ningxia were selected as subjects on January 5，2024 by convenience sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of early mobilization of ICU patients for one day. Results The rate of early mobilization in ICU patients was 25.7%，and the implementation rate of activity level was 61.4%. The primary and secondary bedridden active and passive activities were the main mobilization levels. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the availability of rehabilitation therapists，length of stay in ICU，use of vasoactive drugs and respiratory support were the main factors affecting the implementation of early mobilization in ICU patients. Conclusion The implementation rate of early mobilization in ICU patients in Yinchuan city is low，and the level of activity implementation is low. In the future，it is necessary to further explore the formulation of nursery-led early mobilization program and family members’ participation in early activities of patients，so as to provide reference for improving the implementation rate and implementation level of early mobilization in ICU patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Special Planning--Training and Management of Emergency and Critical Care Nurses

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Investigation on the current status of nursing human resources in emergency departments of medical institutions in Zhejiang Province WANG Ping, LU Zhihong, WANG Yuwei, WANG Sa, ZHANG Yukun, FANG Jue, ZHOU Shuaishuai, JIN Jingfen 2025, 6 (3):  290-296.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1475KB) ( )   Save Objective To understand the current situation of the allocation of nursing human resources in the emergency departments of medical institutions in Zhejiang Province，and to provide reference for further strengthening the construction of nursing team in the emergency departments. Methods 104 hospitals from 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province were selected by simple random sampling method from September to October 2022，and the nursing managers of emergency departments were investigated by using the questionnaire of nursing human resources allocation in emergency departments of medical institutions in Zhejiang Province. Results The average ratio of bed to nurse in emergency room was 1 ∶ 2.6. Among the 2 735 emergency nurses，21.06% were under 25 years old，73.02% had bachelor’s degree，0.54% had master’s degree，and only 3.11% had senior professional title. Among the 104 hospitals，49.04% had ICU，only 7.69% had assistant nurses，and only 1.00% had nursing managers with postgraduate degree in emergency departments. There were significant differences among different levels of medical institutions in total number of beds，number of beds in emergency and rescue rooms，total number of nurses in emergency and rescue rooms，observation beds，ICU beds，average daily visits and average daily number of patients treated in emergency and rescue rooms（P<0.05）. There were significant differences among different levels of medical institutions in the age，professional title and educational level of nurses（P<0.05）. The night shift frequency of nurses in different levels of medical institutions was statistically different（P<0.05）. There was statistical significance in the composition ratio of nursing managers’ professional titles among the emergency departments of different medical institutions（P<0.05）. Conclusion The number of nursing human resources in the emergency departments of Zhejiang Province meets the requirements of relevant national documents. The nurses’ education is mainly bachelor’s degree，and the composition of nurses is characterized by youthfulness and a “pyramid” of professional titles. There is an urgent need to increase the number of assistant nurses for front-line personnel and the construction of emergency intensive care unit beds in secondary and tertiary medical institutions. At the same time，there is room for improving the education level of nursing managers. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A qualitative study on the current situation and influencing factors of training migration of critical care specialist nurses in Fujian Province ZHU Xuanjing, HUANG Zhuofan, LIN Yang, GE Chun, CHEN Qiaoling 2025, 6 (3):  297-302.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1121KB) ( )   Save Objective To understand the current situation of training migration of critical care specialist nurses and its influencing factors in Fujian Province，and to provide a reference for the adjustment of the training program and the improvement of the management program of critical care nurses in the future. Methods From December 2023 to March 2024，a descriptive qualitative research method was used to conduct online in-depth semi-structured interviews with 24 critical care specialist nurses in Fujian Province，and the interview data were organized and refined for analysis using Colaizzi’s 7-step method. Results The current situation and influencing factors of the training migration of critical care specialist nurses have been distilled into 4 themes and 14 sub-themes，including self-awareness and debugging（self-driven participation in training，precise positioning of training needs，and assessment of the adaptability of learning environments）， analysis of training effectiveness（optimization of learning experience by curriculum，reasonable guidance by instructors，and regularization of training contents），transformation and application of training outcome （refinement of clinical skills，stimulation of internal driving force，improvement and enhancement of nursing service quality，barriers of training-to-practice transfer），insight into social support mechanisms（creation of a growth environment for critical care specialist nurses，team support motivation，organizational synergy，obstacles to career attraction）. Conclusion Critical care specialist nurses are affected by a variety of factors in the process of training migration，the training model need to optimized continuously in the future，and the relevant healthcare institutions should also continue to improve the policy support for critical care specialist nurses after training，in order to maximize the promotion of training migration and further guide the positive career trajectory of critical care specialist nurses. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of evaluation index system for core competence of maternal ICU specialist nurses and analysis of speciality features ZHAO Rui, JIANG Mei, LÜ Yang 2025, 6 (3):  303-308.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1369KB) ( )   Save Objective To establish an evaluation index system of core competence for maternal ICU specialist nurses，to provide theoretical reference for the training and evaluation system of maternal critical care nurses. Methods Through literature research，Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process，the framework of the evaluation index system for core competence of maternal ICU specialist nurses and the weight value of each evaluation index were constructed from January to October，2023. Results The effective response rates of 2 rounds of expert consultations were both 100%，and the expert authority coefficients were both was 0.932. The variation coefficients of each first-level index ranged from 0 to 0.085，second-level index ranged from 0 to 0.154，three-level index ranged from 0 to 0.169. The coefficient coordination was 0.518，0.679，and 0.556，respectively. In summary，the evaluation index system of core competence for maternal ICU specialist nurses included 5 first-level indicators（professional knowledge，clinical practice skills，professional development skills，clinical critical thinking ability，professionalism），16 second-level indicators，and 55 third-level indicators. Conclusion The evaluation index system of core competence of maternal ICU specialist nurses is scientific，reasonable，comprehensive，and targeted，which can provide references for the training and evaluation of maternal ICU specialist nurses. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construct of a core competence evaluation index system for cardiac surgery specialist nurses and analysis of speciality features CHEN Chen, GUAN Yan, SU Yunyan, XIE Xiaoli, JIN Hua, WANG Zheyun 2025, 6 (3):  309-316.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1277KB) ( )   Save Objective To construct a core competence evaluation index system for cardiac surgery specialist nurses，and to provide references for the training and assessment of cardiac surgery specialist nurses. Methods Through literature review and semi-structured interviews，the preliminary draft of the core competency evaluation index system for cardiac surgery specialist nurses was formed. The Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of correspondence with 24 experts nationwide，and the hierarchy analysis was used to determine the weight of each index. Results The effective recovery rates of the 2 rounds of expert consultations were 95% and 100% respectively，the expert authority coefficient was 0.917，and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.163~0.172 and 0.189~0.209 respectively（both P<0.001）. The final core competence evaluation index system for cardiac surgery specialist nurses included 7 primary indexes（clinical practical ability，communication and coordination ability，critical thinking ability，professional management ability，professional development ability，professional ethics and personal traits），21 secondary indexes and 84 tertiary indexes. Conclusion The core competence evaluation index system for cardiac surgery specialist nurses is scientific and reliable，and can provide valuable reference for the training and competence evaluation of cardiac surgery specialist nurses in the future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and testing the reliability and validity of the Knowledge，Attitude，and Practice（KAP） Questionnaire for the Nursing Care of Vasoactive Agents Infusions CHEN Yi, FANG Yaping, MOU Junjie, AI Zhongping, SU Zhonglin, LIU Dan, ZHU Dairong, LIU Li, HUANG Yanfang 2025, 6 (3):  317-322.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1024KB) ( )   Save Objective To develop and test the reliability and validity of a Knowledge，Attitude，and Practice （KAP） Questionnaire for the Nursing Care of Vasoactive Agents Infusions. Methods Using the KAP theory framework，an initial questionnaire was developed through literature review，expert panel，item analysis，and a pilot survey. A convenience sample was used to select 239 clinical nurses specializing in critical care and cardiovascular nursing from six tertiary and three secondary hospitals in Sichuan Province from February to June 2024. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested. Additionally，20 participants were re-surveyed two weeks after the initial round to gather test-retest reliability data. Results The final questionnaire comprised 33 items under three dimensions，including 15 items on knowledge，5 on attitude and 13 on practice. Exploratory factor analysis（EFA） showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the three common factors was 78.03%，with item loadings ranging from 0.56 to 0.89. The item-level content validity index（I-CVI） ranged from 0.91 to 1.00，and the scale-level content validity index（S-CVI/Ave） was 0.98. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.974，with each dimension’s Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.965 to 0.979. The intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC） for test-retest reliability was 0.889 for the entire questionnaire，and it ranged from 0.890 to 0.989 for each dimension. Conclusion The KAP Questionnaire for the Nursing Care of Vasoactive Agents Infusions demonstrates excellent reliability and validity，making it a suitable tool for assessing clinical nurses’ knowledge，attitudes，and practices regarding the nursing care of vasoactive agents infusions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishing and practice of pre-hospital emergency nurses in 5G mobile stroke unit WANG Yawei, GAN Siyun, CHEN Weihua, XU Bicui, WU Bimei, QIU Yunhong, LI Linzhi, ZHANG Xiulin, WEN Weilian, WU Yanchun, ZHU Guanjie, XU Qiping 2025, 6 (3):  323-328.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1410KB) ( )   Save In order to improve the application efficiency of 5G mobile stroke unit（5G MSU） in the treatment of prehospital stroke，promote the pre-processing of emergency procedures，and achieve the treatment goal of “admission on arrival and treatment on arrival” for patients，this study facilitates the role transition of pre-hospital emergency nurses to 5G MSU pre-hospital emergency nurses by formulating detailed system processes，implementing professional training programs，constructing strict quality control systems，provides practical experience for the establishment，qualification certification and management of 5G MSU pre-hospital emergency nurses. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Emergency Care Research

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Emergency nursing for a patient with multiple visceral artery aneurysm ruptures after pancreaticoduo-denectomy LAO Xiaoli, XU Hongxia, GE Guomei, BIAN Lifang 2025, 6 (3):  329-331.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (581KB) ( )   Save To summarizes the nursing experience of a patient with repeated ruptures of multiple intra-abdominal pseudoaneurysms after pancreaticoduodenectomy leading to pseudo-gastrointestinal hemorrhage. For nursing issues such as atypical symptoms and rapid progression of the condition when the aneurysm ruptured，measures were taken，including closely monitoring the risk of delayed major bleeding and promptly initiating a chain emergency response plan，multi-dimensional management to improve specialized nursing care after portal vein reconstruction，intestinal nutrition support scheme guided by dual-track assessment，balancing bleeding and thrombosis to prevent thrombosis from worsening. After 56 days of meticulous care，the patient recovered and was discharged. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Emergency nursing care of a patient with myocardial infarction caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the second trimester of pregnancy LI Chunling, XU Miao, YANG Dongmei, FENG Daying 2025, 6 (3):  332-334.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (563KB) ( )   Save To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with acute myocardial infarction caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the second trimester of pregnancy. Nursing points included close monitoring during PCI to ensure the safety of patients and fetuses，implementing position management to prevent blood reflux obstruction，objective-oriented volume management to prevent heart failure，precise dual drug care and early identification of bleeding risk，strengthening prenatal fetal monitoring and being alert to intrauterine hypoxia，the implementation of early rehabilitation to improve cardiac function，application of binary psychological support to alleviate negative emotions，targeted nutritional support to correct malnutrition. Capacity management was the focus and difficulty of the case. After treatment and nursing，the patient ’s condition improved and was discharged on the 11 th day after operation，and a healthy baby girl was born 3 months later，with good maternal and infant outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Critical Care Research

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Postoperative care of children with end-stage heart failure undergoing the implantation of left ventricular assist devices ZHOU Jun, LI Shuaini, ZHU Shengnan, ZHU Jihua 2025, 6 (3):  335-338.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (730KB) ( )   Save To summarize the postoperative nursing experience of 5 children with end-stage heart failure undergoing the implantation of left ventricular assist devices. In view of the problems of left and right ventricular volume load mismatch，right ventricular failure，hemorrhage and thrombosis，pump displacement，and decreased exercise capacity after left ventricular assist device implantation caused by small cardiac cavity and thoracic cavity volume in the child，measures such as blood pump rotation titration，optimization of volume load，systematic anticoagulation management，position management，and strengthening phase I cardiac rehabilitation training were taken. After careful treatment and nursing，all 5 cases were discharged from hospital with good prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nursing care of skull base osteonecrosis complicated with invasive aspergillosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma LU Huaping, WANG Lizhu, LIN Xingxing, ZHENG Ru, HUANG Mengli, ZHENG Qi 2025, 6 (3):  339-341.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (552KB) ( )   Save To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with skull base osteonecrosis complicated with invasive aspergillosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma（NPC）. The main points of nursing care included early warning and risk pre-control management of nasopharynx massive hemorrhage，sodium bicarbonate nasal irrigation combined with systemic antifungal therapy to control aspergillus infection，the target energy oriented nutritional support strategy，early swallowing rehabilitation exercise to reduce the patient’s choking. After 26 days of active treatment and careful nursing，the patient recovered and was discharged. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nursing care of a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Aspergillus fumigatus infection ZHU Guiping, LI Qian, ZHU Yirong 2025, 6 (3):  342-344.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (550KB) ( )   Save To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Aspergillus fumigatus infection undergoing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in prone position treatment. In response to severe pulmonary infections，the transportation risks during prone ECMO，anticoagulant management，as well as the multiple drug resistant bacterial infections in the patient，we adopted personalized prone position and precise drainage strategy to optimize lung infection control，safe and precise pipeline management strategy to ensure the safe transport of ECMO in prone position，goal oriented anticoagulation management to balance the risks of bleeding and thrombosis，multiple pathway combined antibacterial strategy to enhance efficacy of treatment and reduce side effects. After 57 days of treatment and nursing，the patient’s condition was stabilized and discharged smoothly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Quality and Safety

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Improvement of the nursing process for thrombolysis patients with acute ischemic stroke in Inner Mongolia and effect evaluation HUANG Yufeng, DONG Lixia, ZHANG Lei, WANG Hui 2025, 6 (3):  345-350.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1435KB) ( )   Save Objective To improve the nursing process for thrombolysis patients with acute ischemic stroke in Inner Mongolia to shorten treatment time. Methods A stroke team was established to draft an improved nursing process for thrombolysis patients with acute ischemic stroke. After the final draft was confirmed through expert meetings，it was implemented in clinical practice and its effectiveness was evaluated. Results After the implementation of the nursing process improvement plan，the door-to-needle time was reduced from 38 min to 32 min（P<0.001）. The onset to needle time was reduced from 211 min to 196 min（P<0.05）. The time from the emergency department entrance to signing the thrombolysis consent form was reduced from 29 min to 27 min（P< 0.05）. The length of hospital stay was reduced from 8 days to 6 days（P<0.001）. The modified Rankin Scale score decreased from 0（0，2） points to 0（0，1） points（P<0.001）. Conclusion The improved nursing process can shorten the treatment time for thrombolysis patients with acute ischemic stroke，reduce the length of hospital stay，and enhance short-term neurological recovery. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evidence Synthesis Research

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Summary of the best evidence for inspiratory muscle training in ICU patients with invasive mechanical ventilation HUAI Qiyang, BAI Xue, LIU Beibei, WANG Qi, LIU Hongli, YANG Lijuan 2025, 6 (3):  351-357.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1068KB) ( )   Save Objective To summarize the best evidence on inspiratory muscle training for patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU，and to provide an evidence-based basis for the implementation of inspiratory muscle training protocols by ICU medical staff. Methods A systematic search of all evidence on inspiratory muscle training in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the guidelines websites，websites of relevant professional associations，and Chinese and English databases was conducted，the retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to February 1，2024. Results Twenty-one papers were finally included，including three clinical decisions，three guidelines，six expert consensuses，one evidence summary，five systematic reviews，and three randomized controlled trials. A total of 27 pieces of evidence on training preparation，training implementation process，and evaluation of training effectiveness were covered. Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence for inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU and provides an evidence-based basis for the implementation of training programs by medical personnel. Figures and Tables | References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

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Summary of best evidence on clinical application and principles of airway clearance in children CHENG Huanyu, LÜ Fangfang, MA Xinyu, ZHU Yun 2025, 6 (3):  358-364.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1035KB) ( )   Save Objective To retrieve and summarize the best evidence on clinical application and principles of pediatric airway clearance techniques. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in various databases and association websites up to April 20，2024， including clinical decisions，guidlines，systematic reviews，evidence summary and expert consensus. Literature quality was assessed and evidence was extracted by two researcher who received systematic training of evidence-based methodology. Results 18 studies were included，including 5 clinical decisions，5 guidelines，3 systematic reviews，5 expert consensuses. 21 pieces of best evidence for clinical application of pediatric airway clearance techniques were summarized across eight aspects，including procedural requirements，indications，contraindications，pre-procedure assessment，frequency，selection of methods，efficacy evaluation，and health education. 25 application principles for 8 pediatric airway clearance techniques were also summarized，including percussion and postural drainage，autogenic drainage，intrapulmonary percussive ventilation，positive end-expiratory pressure，active cycle of breathing techniques，mechanical oscillatory devices，mechanical insufflation-exsufflation，and exercise. Conclusion Medical staff should apply best evidence based on the child’s condition to standardize airway clearance techniques. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Summary of best evidence for management of blood pressure after mechanical embolectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke ZHU Xiaojuan, YU Yang, WANG Cong, YIN Junlian, ZHEN Yushan, WANG Desheng, BAI Huihua 2025, 6 (3):  365-371.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1103KB) ( )   Save Objective To retrieve，evaluate and summarize the evidence for management of blood pressure after mechanical embolectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke，and provide evidence-based basis for clinical practice. Methods Clinical decisions，guidelines，evidence summaries，systematic reviews，expert consensus and meta-analyses on blood pressure management after mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke were searched by computer from domestic and foreign databases. The search period was from the establishment of the database to April 2024. Two researchers trained in evidence-based nursing independently performed quality assessment，evidence extraction and evidence synthesis on the included literature. Results A total of 13 articles were selected，including 7 guidelines，2 systematic reviews，and 4 expert consensus articles. Finally，26 pieces of evidence were summarized from 7 dimensions：disease assessment，blood pressure target，intervention measures，medication management，non-pharmacological treatment，quality control and continuous management. Conclusion This study summarized the best evidence of blood pressure management after mechanical embolectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Medical staff should apply the evidence in a personalized way according to the actual situation of patients，standardize the postoperative blood pressure management behavior and ultimately improve the clinical outcome of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Research progress and prospect of intestinal microecological adjustment strategies in early life of premature Infants SU Yichao, HU Xiaoli, LI Qiufang 2025, 6 (3):  372-375.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (660KB) ( )   Save The early stage of life is a crucial period for the colonization and succession of intestinal microbiota. However，premature infants have an immature intestinal flora，with delayed colonization and low diversity of microbiota，which poses challenges of microecological imbalance and associated health risks. This paper will comprehensively review the optimization of dietary patterns during pregnancy，promotion of mother-to-child vertical transmission，expansion of breastfeeding methods，timely supplementation of probiotics，and the appropriate timing for introducing complementary foods，in order to provide a theoretical basis for the regulation strategies of gastrointestinal microbiome in premature infants while implementing personalized nursing care. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on identifying and treating injuries caused by elder abuse in emergency departments OUYANG Lanxin, LIU Di, CHEN Wen 2025, 6 (3):  376-379.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (833KB) ( )   Save Global ageing has exacerbated the problem of elder abuse，and the low rate of reporting highlights the urgency of the problem. Emergency departments have an outpost role in identifying and treating elder abuse. This article reviews the current state of emergency department identification of abused older adults，common presentations of abused older adults in the emergency department，and explores available assessment tools and interventions. The article highlights the importance of the emergency department in responding to elder abuse and suggests measures to improve the identification of elder abuse and the effectiveness of interventions through the training of healthcare professionals，optimization of the emergency department environment，establishment of multidisciplinary teams and promotion of smart screening tools. Training and the identification-response process should be further improved，cooperation with the community should be strengthened，and the improvement of relevant laws and regulations should be promoted，so as to ensure that abused elderly individuals receive continuous support and care. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on digitization and intelligence of ICU alarm management WENG Chengjie, PAN Xiangying, WANG Jinning, JIN Jiajia, ZHAO Xuehong 2025, 6 (3):  380-384.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.03.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (800KB) ( )   Save ICU alarm management is an important safety guarantee for patients during ICU stay. Benefiting from the development and application of artificial intelligence，machine learning，5G and other technologies in recent years，ICU alerts are no longer limited to the traditional guardianship alert function. This paper reviewed the history of ICU alarm technology，common alarm systems and limitations in ICU，automatic data recording and safe storage under digital management，data integration and analysis for smart alarms，data-driven indicator alarms to risk warnings，smart wearable devices for alarms in the Internet of Things，smart learning and algorithms to reduce false alarms，smart alarm management based on individualized needs of patients and doctors，existing problems and future challenges. The aim is to increase the interaction of smart alerts in treatment and prevention for optimal patient monitoring. References | Related Articles | Metrics