Table of Content

10 January 2025, Volume 6 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Monograph

Select

Hand in hand to make a new chapter，and work together to create a brilliant future WU Xinjuan 2025, 6 (1):  5-6.  Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (904KB) ( )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Making steady progress on the path of high⁃quality development of nursing academic journals JIANG Xiaoying 2025, 6 (1):  7-9.  Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1336KB) ( )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research Paper

Select

The comparison of blood collection via different peripheral venous catheters in surgical patients with obesity combined with metabolic syndrome LI Xiangyun, WANG Jie, LIU Chang, CHEN Jiaxin, JIN Lei, JIN Yi, CAO Xiuzhu, ZHAO Linfang 2025, 6 (1):  10-16.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1035KB) ( )   Save Objective To compare the effects of three different lengths of peripheral venous catheters for blood collection in surgical patients with obesity combined with metabolic syndrome. Methods The inpatients of a tertiary general hospital in Zhejiang Province from April 2023 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects using the fixed-point consecutive sampling method. The patients were divided into three groups by simple randomized controlled method，with blood collection via a mini-midline catheter in experimental group 1，via midline catheter in experimental group 2，and peripheral venous indwelling needle in the control group. The overall success rate of blood collection，survival analysis of first blood collection failure，success rate of first blood collection，specimen qualification rate，and incidence of catheter-related complications were compared among the three groups. Results A total of 162 patients were included，with 54 patients in each group. The total success rates of blood collection in experimental group 1，experimental group 2 and control group were 53.70%，88.89%，and 31.48%，respectively. The results of two-by-two comparisons showed that the differences were statistically significant（P<0.017） when comparing experimental group 1 and experimental group 2，experimental group 2 and control group. The differences were not statistically significant（P>0.017） when comparing experimental group 1 and the control group. The total rates of catheter-related complications in experimental group 1，experimental group 2 and control group were 33.33%，14.81%，and 40.74%，respectively，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. A two-by-two comparison of the results showed that the difference between the experimental group 2 and control group was statistically significant（P<0.017） and there was no statistically significant difference comparing the experimental group 1 and experimental group 2，and experimental group 1 and control group（P>0.017）. Regarding the time of he first blood collection failure，it was 4.00（3.36，4.64） and 3.00（2.25，3.75） d for experimental group 1 and control group，respectively，and the difference was statistically significant when comparing the three groups（Log Rank，P<0.001）. Conclusion The three peripheral venous catheters can be used for the first blood collection in patients with obesity combined with metabolic syndrome. When collecting blood via a midline catheter，the time of first blood collection failure is later，the overall success rate of blood collection is higher，and overall incidence of catheter-related complications is lower. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A study on the efficacy of sequential therapy of ear scraping， bloodletting and bean pressing for patients with liver-fire hyperactivity type hypertension crisis AI Lijuan, BIAN Xuemei, SHI Jifen, YANG Mengmeng, YE Jing 2025, 6 (1):  17-23.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1027KB) ( )   Save Objective To investigate the effect of sequential therapy of ear scraping，ear apex bloodletting and auricular point sticking on patients with hypertensive crisis caused by liver fire hyperactivity. Methods A total of 100 patients with liver-fire hypertivity type hypertensive crisis from January 2023 to March 2024 in 3 wards of the cardiology department of a grade-Ⅲ and grade-A hospital in Zhejiang Province were selected as the study objects and divided into the experimental group and the control group with 50 patients in each group according to random number table method. The control group received routine treatment and nursing for hypertensive crisis. On the basis of the control group，the experimental group received the sequential therapy of ear scraping，ear apex bloodletting and auricular point sticking. Blood pressure level，TCM syndrome score，24 h total use of urapidil hydrochloride injection and adverse events were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results The blood pressure at 1 h，2 h，6 h and 24 h after intervention in both groups was lower than that before intervention，and the blood pressure at 1 h，2 h，6 h and 24 h after intervention in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. The total consumption of 24 h urapidil hydrochloride injection in experimental groups[50.00（50.00，56.25）] mg was lower than that in control group[55.00（50.00，81.25）] mg，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. TCM syndrome score in experimental group[1.00（1.00，1.00）] points was lower than that in control group[1.00（1.00，1.25）] points，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Within 24 h after intervention，the incidence of target organ injury complications was similar between the two groups，and there was no significant difference（P>0.05）. There was on significant adverse events occurred in both groups Conclusion The sequential ther apy of ear scraping，ear apex bloodletting and auricular point sticking can reduce the blood pressure level of patients with liver-fire hyperactivity type hypertensive crisis，improve the TCM syndrome of patients，and reduce the total use of 24 h urapidil hydrochloride injection. However，the observation time of this study is short and the long-term effect is unknown，and the long-term effect of the combination of the three methods can be further observed in the later stage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A qualitative study on emotional support experience of ICU patients from the perspective of social ecological system theory JIN Jingyi, XU Qinwen, LIU Hongmei, ZHANG Yan, JI Jianhong 2025, 6 (1):  24-30.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1148KB) ( )   Save Objective To explore the experience and expectation of emotional support of ICU patients，their family members and medical staff during hospitalization based on the social ecological system theory，so as to provide a reference for formulating psychological and emotional support programs for ICU patients. Methods According to the descriptive qualitative research，using the purposive sampling method，12 groups of patients，family members and medical staff who were treated in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Nantong from September 15，2023 to November 15，2023 were selected as the research objects，and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. The content analysis method was used to analyze，summarize and refine the data. Results Based on the social ecological system theoretical model，a total of 3 themes were summarized：①Macro system：the main task of ICU is to save lives and treat diseases，but the lack of attention and support for patients’ emotions leads to social conflicts between focusing on the length or quality of life of patients；②Meso-system：patients and their family members had strangeness and fear of the ICU treatment environment and methods，and the shortage of medical staff and lack of understanding of emotional support have led to the neglect of patients’ emotional needs；③Micro-system：due to individual differences，each patient or family member has different emotional needs，and each medical staff has different ways of expressing emotions. Conclusion ICU patients and their family members have high needs and expectations for emotional support during hospitalization，but their psychological needs are often not met due to their own and external environment and other factors. Clinical medical staff can try to improve the “soft environment” of ICU，build a humanistic care nursing model involving “patients，medical staff，and family members”，and use intelligent network platforms to take appropriate humanistic care measures to enhance the sense of emotional support for patients and family members. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A qualitative study on the ICU nurses’ recognition experiences and needs LAO Yuewen, CHEN Xiangping, GUO Qianqian, YAN Huafei, DING Shanni, WANG Li, HONG Liuyu, HUANG Jie, GONG Xiaoyan 2025, 6 (1):  31-36.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1004KB) ( )   Save Objective To understand the recognition experiences and needs of ICU nurses and to develop a reference for the future intervention strategies for recognizing ICU nurses. Methods Using a descriptive qualitative research method and purposive sampling，25 ICU nurses from a tertiary class A hospital in Zhejiang Province were selected for 4 semi-structured interviews from July to September 2023，and the interview data were collated and analyzed using content analysis. Results Recognition experiences of ICU nurses can be categorized into 2 themes，including realization of professional value and shaping a better self，the establishment of interpersonal relationships and strengthening team cohesion. Recognition needs of ICU nurses can be categorized into 5 themes，including recognition atmosphere to fosters a positive culture in the ICU，comprehensive recognition and deep acceptance，recognition for personal embodiment and feeling the power of being “seen”，immediate feedback and the power of “fresh recognition”，recognition based on individual preferences to meet personalized professional expectations. Conclusion Managers should pay attention to the recognition experiences and needs of ICU nurses，create a recognition atmosphere and provide recognition based on nurses’ preferences to improve the work environment and promote best nursing practice. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Special Planning——The Practice and Effectiveness of the Action Plan for Improving Nursing Services

Select

Study on the effect of low-temperature traditional Chinese medicine oral spray on thirst symptoms after extubation in patients undergoing general anesthesia surgery ZHENG Yi, XU Min, WANG Lanfang, WANG Yuanyuan, RUAN Longjuan, ZHENG Chunmei, HUANG Yeping 2025, 6 (1):  37-42.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1140KB) ( )   Save Objective To investigate the application effect of low-temperature traditional Chinese medicine oral spray in patients undergoing extubation after general anesthesia，and to provide a basis for developing effective strategies for managing thirst. Methods A total of 126 patients undergoing general anesthesia surgery at a Grade A Class III traditional Chinese medicine hospital in Zhejiang Province from January 2023 to August 2023 were selected and divided into three groups using the excel random number method，with 42 cases in each group. Group A received low-temperature Chinese medicine oral spray（2-8 ℃） after extubation，while group B received normal temperature Chinese medicine oral spray（20-24 ℃） after extubation. Group C was treated with low temperature sterilized water for injection oral spray（2-8 ℃） after extubation. Thirst-related indexes of the three groups were observed at 5 minutes before extubation（T0），30 minutes after extubation（T1），60 minutes after extubation（T2），and 180 minutes after extubation（T3）. Results There were no significant differences in thirst scores，lip and tongue oral mucosal moistness score，and unstimulated whole saliva among the three groups at T0 （all P>0.05）. The main effects among groups and time were statistically significant（both P<0.001），with an interaction effect between groups and time also being observed（P<0.001）. There was no significant difference in thirst score or lip and tongue oral mucosal moistness score between group A and group C at T1，T2，T3 or before/after intervention changes（P>0.05），but there was a significant difference between A/B and B/C groups（P<0.05）. The differences in unstimulated whole saliva at T1，T2，and T3 as well as before/after intervention among the three groups were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Low temperature traditional Chinese medicine oral spray can increase unstimulated whole saliva compared to normal temperature traditional Chinese medicine oral spray or low temperature sterilized water for injection oral spray. It is suggested that clinical nursing staff should advance the intervention time on the premise of ensuring safety so as to relieve patients’ thirst and other discomfort experience as soon as possible. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The construction and application of quality evaluation indexes of hospital discharge preparation service for patients after emergency PCI MU Wenfang, TANG Shiheng, GU Yuhua, WANG Xiyi, XU Li 2025, 6 (1):  43-49.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1200KB) ( )   Save Objective To establish and apply the nursing quality evaluation indexes of hospital discharge preparation service for patients after emergency PCI，so as to provide the basis for the nursing quality evaluation of hospital discharge preparation service. Methods Based on the "structure-process-result" three-dimensional quality model，literature was systematically searched，and semi-structured interviews were conducted to integrate clinical practice and individual needs of patients to construct the preliminary draft of nursing quality evaluation indicators. Delphi expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the final index system and the weights. The established nursing quality evaluation index was applied，and the compliance rate of pre-discharge evaluation implementation，the compliance rate of nursing practice implementation，the compliance rate of in-hospital and out-of-hospital transition implementation，the compliance rate of follow-up management implementation，patients and their families’ satisfaction with discharge preparation service were compared before and after the application. Results The evaluation indexes of nursing quality of hospital discharge preparation service for patients after emergency PCI were established，including 3 primary indexes，11 secondary indexes and 50 tertiary indexes. Before and after the implementation of the evaluation indexes，the compliance rate of pre-discharge evaluation implementation was 57.8% and 92.8%，the compliance rate of nursing practice implementation was 85.6% and 95.0%，the compliance rate of in-hospital and out-of-hospital transition implementation was 45.6% and 75.0%，and the compliance rate of follow-up management implementation was 89.4% and 95.6%，respectively. The satisfaction rate of patients and their families on discharge preparation service was 89.4% and 93.3%，respectively. Conclusion The evaluation indexes of nursing quality of discharge preparation service for patients after emergency PCI established in this study is scientific，reliable，comprehensive and practical，and the application of this evaluation index system is conducive to standardizing discharge preparation service and promoting the improvement of nursing quality for specific diseases. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on the latent classes and influencing factors of sleep trajectories in cardiac surgery patients before and after transfer out of ICU CUI Dalei, XU Simeng, ZHANG Xia, SHAN Li, WANG Jie, LI Lezhi 2025, 6 (1):  50-56.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1496KB) ( )   Save Objective To explore the latent classes and influencing factors of sleep trajectories in cardiac surgery patients before and after they are transferred out of the ICU. Methods A total of 210 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery from March to September of 2023 were selected by convenience sampling. The General Information Questionnaire，Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire，Social Support Rating Scale，Pre-hospitalization Sleep Quality Score，Chinese version of Environment Stressors Questionnaire，the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale，and Numeric Rating Score were used before surgery and on the day of ICU transfer，1 week and 1 month after ICU transfer. The growth mixed model was used to identify the latent classes of patients’ sleep trajectories，and the influencing factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results The sleep trajectory could be divided into severely impaired-remission group（28.1%），severely impaired-persistent group（21.4%），and mildly impaired-remission group（50.5%）. Logistic regression analysis showed that per capita monthly income，length of hospital stay，objective social support，pain，noise，ICU environmental stressors，and psychological status could affect patients’ sleep trajectory（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the sleep trajectories of cardiac surgery patients before and after they are transferred out of the ICU，and nursing staff should pay attention to the sleep changes of patients with long hospital stay，persistent and severe pain，high environmental stress，psychological distress and low social support，and give targeted interventions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Meta-analysis of the effect of white noise on sleep in ICU patients WANG Haiyan, DU Jinping, ZHANG Jinhuan, SHEN Xiaoling, TAO Yan, JIANG Ping 2025, 6 (1):  57-64.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2017KB) ( )   Save Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of white noise on sleep quality of ICU patients by meta-analysis. Methods The studies on the effects of white noise on sleep quality in critically ill patients were searched by computer from 11 databases，including CINAHL and PubMed. The search limit was from the inception of the database to March 11，2024. Two researchers independently screened literature，extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 9 studies involving 792 subjects were included in the study. The results of meta-analysis showed that white noise could improve sleep in ICU patients[MD=-4.63，95%CI（-7.11，-2.14），P<0.001]，accelerate the speed of falling asleep[MD=21.82，95%CI（8.14，35.50），P<0.001]，and improve sleep depth[MD=19.18，95%CI（7.05，31.31），P<0.001]，reduce the number of nocturnal awakenings[MD=20.36，95%CI（6.46，34.26），P<0.001]，accelerate re-falling asleep[MD=23.72，95%CI（9.22， 38.22），P<0.001]，improve sleep quality[MD=21.66，95%CI（8.07，35.25），P<0.001]，reduced noise level[MD=29.27， 95%CI（10.74，47.79），P<0.001]. White noise could prolong patients’ sleep duration，and reduce patients’ anxiety[MD=-8.11，95%CI（-10.55，-5.68），P<0.001] and depression[MD=-5.86，95%CI（-8.76，-2.96），P<0.001]. Conclusion White noise can significantly improve the sleep status of ICU patients and reduce negative emotions such as anxiety and depression，but the quality of the included studies is low，and the heterogeneity between studies is high，which needs to be further confirmed by large-sample，well-designed and high-quality randomized controlled trials. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress in the field of de-implementation of low-value care in the field of critical care SONG Yaqi, ZHONG Juanping, CHENG Feiran, REN Liyuan, ZUO Qianqian, WEI Zhengyong, DOU Xinman 2025, 6 (1):  65-69.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (902KB) ( )   Save The de-implementation of low-value care（LVC） refers to the elimination of ineffective or inefficient care services by removing，replacing，reducing，or limiting. ICU patients are critically ill，so it is important to implement efficient and safe treatment and care. The de-implementation of LVC is conducive to promoting ICU management and quality improvement，saving economic costs and reducing work burden. This article aims to provide a reference for ICU quality improvement and nursing management in China by reviewing the concept of LVC de-implementation science，the “Choosing Wisely” in the field of critical care and related research，the ICU reform strategy，and the thinking on LVC de-implementation.In the future，further research should be conducted in formulating a list of LVC services in ICUs suitable for China and developing decision-making tools for evaluating LVC services in ICUs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Guideline and Sdandard

Select

Consensus on nursing care for adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circulatory assistance Beijing Extracorporeal Life Support Quality Control and Improvement Center/Center for Cardiac Intensive Care of Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University 2025, 6 (1):  70-75.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (971KB) ( )   Save Objective To formulate an expert consensus on the nursing of adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（ECMO） circulatory assistance. Methods Based on searching domestic and foreign literatures and combining the interview results of experts in relevant fields，specific nursing issues were listed and an expert questionnaire was designed. Through two rounds of Delphi expert consultations and expert demonstration meetings，each item was adjusted，modified，and improved. Results The experts reached a consensus on 44 items in 8 aspects. Conclusion The establishment of an expert consensus on the nursing of adult ECMO circulatory assistance can provide certain guidance and reference opinions for nursing practice. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Emergency Care Research

Select

Emergency nursing care of a child with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome XIA Shanshan, DING Yaping, SHEN Zhen, GAO Jiandi 2025, 6 (1):  76-78.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (548KB) ( )   Save To summarize the emergency nursing experience for a child with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome（FIRES）. Due to the rapid and difficult-to-control progression in FIRES，and the high mortality rate associated with propofol infusion syndrome，optimal respiratory support was implemented to improve ventilation，dynamic adjustments of anesthetics were made，biologics used according to protocols，and early initiation of a ketogenic diet was employed to control acute seizures，measures such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO） and plasma exchange were utilized to maintain stable organ function，propofol infusion syndrome was cor-rected. After 35 days of meticulous treatment and care，the patient’s condition stabilized，overcoming the acute phase. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Perioperative nursing of emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement for patients with severe aortic stenosis CHEN Hailian, ZOU Shuang, LI Cheng, WANG Lihan 2025, 6 (1):  79-81.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (780KB) ( )   Save To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of 26 patients with severe aortic stenosis complicated with cardiogenic shock undergoing emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement. For this group of patients with unstable hemodynamics，difficulties in preoperative evaluation，complex and variable intraoperative conditions，and high incidence of postoperative complications，measures such as early preoperative identification and intervention，development of emergency surgical plans by multidisciplinary teams，refined volume management after surgery，prevention and nursing of complications，and early rehabilitation training were taken. After close monitoring and careful nursing，23 patients recovered well after operation and were discharged smoothly. Three patients died of multiple organ failure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Critical Care Research

Select

Postoperative nursing care of a child with Berry syndrome undergoing complex correction surgery of cardiac large vessels LAN Xuhong, LIU Xingguang, WU Zhixian, ZHOU Hongfang, WANG Hengyang, JIA Donghui, WANG Qian, TANG Xuemei, ZHANG Zhigang 2025, 6 (1):  82-85.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (693KB) ( )   Save To summarize the postoperative nursing experience of a child with Berry syndrome undergoing complex correction surgery of cardiac large vessels. Key points of nursing included early warning of circulatory system changes to active treat critical conditions，timely monitoring of coagulation function and early intervention of wound hemorrhage，fine mechanical ventilation management and dynamic adjustment of ventilator parameters，and phased individualized rehabilitation，which ultimately promoted the improvement of the clinical prognosis of the child. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Nursing care of cardiotoxic adverse reactions caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lung cancer HU Han, FENG Dan, HE Junfeng 2025, 6 (1):  86-88.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (517KB) ( )   Save To summarize the nursing experience of three lung cancer patients with cardiotoxic reactions after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Key points of care included timely assessment and monitoring of cardiotoxicity，safe drug administration to reduce cardiotoxic reactions，application of multidisciplinary nursing cooperation model to improve specialized nursing，implementing personalized discharge follow-up to promote early recovery of patients. After timely intervention，close monitoring and comprehensive management，one patient recovered well and continued immunotherapy，and two patients were treated with palliative therapy after stopping immunotherapy. The condition of three patients in this group was stable during six-month follow-up. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Quality and Safety

Select

Practical research on temperature information management of critically ill patients after extracorporeal circulation heart surgery LIU Cui, WEI Lili, LI Qi, ZHANG Congcong, ZHANG Yan, ZHU Fuxiang, HAN Xiaojie, MI Long, CUI Xiaoling 2025, 6 (1):  89-93.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (956KB) ( )   Save Objective To construct a temperature information management program for critically ill patients after extracorporeal circulation heart surgery based on the information management platform，and explore its clinical application effectiveness. Methods The research team was established to construct a temperature information management program for critically ill patients after extracorporeal circulation heart surgery through literature review，group discussion，expert inquiry，and etc.，and develop the body temperature information management platform. Patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgery in a tertiary hospital in Qingdao from October to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects to carry out clinical application，and evaluate the application effects. Results After the application of the temperature information management program for critically ill patients after extracorporeal circulation heart surgery，the rate of fever，the rate of hypothermia，pain score，the length of tracheal intubation were significantly reduced compared to those before the application（P<0.05）. The thermal comfort and cerebral oxygen saturation were significantly improved compared to those before the application（P<0.05）. Conclusion The information management program of temperature for critically ill patients after extracorporeal circulation heart surgery could implement precise management of patients’ body temperature，facilitate the comprehensive assessment and precise intervention，effectively strengthen collaboration between doctors and nurses，and promote postoperative recovery of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction and applicability analysis of risk assessment index system for medication safety in ICU YANG Hongwei, MENG Yuan, DAI Ming, YANG Guangyuan 2025, 6 (1):  94-99.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (915KB) ( )   Save Objective To construct a risk assessment index system for medication safety in ICU nurses. Methods Based on the theory of the “M-SHEL” model，literature review，focus group interviews，Delphi method，and analytic hierarchy process were used to screen risk assessment indicators，complete the weight assignment of indicators at all levels，and construct an ICU medication safety risk assessment index system. Results The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 100% and 96.15%，respectively. The authority coefficient of the two rounds was 0.873 and 0.876 respectively，and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.159 and 0.226 respectively. The final ICU medication safety risk assessment index system consists of five first level indicators（software risk，hardware risk，environment risk，liveware risk and management risk），11 second level indicators and 47 third level indicators. Conclusion The ICU medication safety risk evaluation index system has strong scientific and practicability，which can provide an objective and quantifiable scientific basis for ICU nursing staff to implement medication safety risk assessment. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evidence Synthesis Research

Select

Summary of evidence on the management of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in ICU patients JI Li, WU Hui, JING Chenyang, YUE Weigang, WANG Yuanyunzi, WANG Tuohong, HE Guobao, FAN Luo 2025, 6 (1):  100-106.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1022KB) ( )   Save Objective To summarize the relevant evidence of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction management in ICU patients，and to provide practical basis for clinical practice. Methods The relevant evidence on the management of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in ICU patients was retrieved from the guidelines website，professional association website and domestic and foreign databases. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to September 20，2023. The types of evidence included clinical decision-making，guidelines，evidence summary，best practice，recommended practice，expert consensus，systematic review，meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials. Two researchers evaluated the quality of literature independently，extracted and integrated the evidence. Results A total of 22 articles were included，including one guideline，one clinical decision，four expert consensuses，one meta-analysis，one evidence summary and 14 randomized controlled trials. A total of 29 evidences were summarized from seven dimensions，including evaluation，team building，ventilator management，drug management，nutrition management，rehabilitation training management and physical therapy. Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence for the management of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in ICU patients，which is scientific and comprehensive，and can provide reference for clinical practice. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Summary of evidence for disease risk communication strategies for people at risk for cardiovascular disease WANG Xuyang, GUO Zhiting, MAO Yitong, LU Xiaodan, ZHANG Yuping, JIN Jingfen 2025, 6 (1):  107-113.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1004KB) ( )   Save Objective To retrieve，evaluate and summarize the evidence relating to disease risk communication programs for people at risk of cardiovascular disease（CVD）. Methods Systematic search of UpToDate，BMJ Best Practice，National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence website，Scottish Interhospital Guidelines Network，International Guidelines Collaboration Network，Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care database of the Joanna Briggs Institute，Australia，Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario，Canada website，American Heart Association website，European Society of Cardiology website，Cochrane Library，PubMed，Web of Science，CINAHL，Embase，China Knowledge Network，VIP，Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform，and China Biomedical Literature Database for evidence related to CVD risk communication strategies. Search timeframe is December 30，2013-December 30，2023.The quality evaluation of literature was based on the quality evaluation tools corresponding to the types of literature included，and the evidence was rated using the JBI Evidence Grading System for Interventional Research. Results A total of 22 papers were included，including 2 clinical decisions，7 guidelines，2 systematic reviews，3 expert consensuses，5 randomized controlled trials，and 2 cohort studies. Twenty-three pieces of evidence were summarized in 8 areas：time frame，presentation form，communication concept，communication carrier，communication place，communication person，communication pathway，and communication mode. Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence on risk communication strategies for people at risk of CVD，and medical staff should carry out risk communication according to individuals condition in combination with their preferences to improve the quality and effectiveness of communication. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

Select

The application of multidisciplinary team diagnosis and treatment model in emergency patients：a scoping review JING Chenyang, JI Li, CHEN Shan, HE Guobao, WANG Tuohong, FAN Luo 2025, 6 (1):  114-119.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (875KB) ( )   Save Objective To review the application of the multidisciplinary team（MDT） diagnosis and treatment model in emergency patients，to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to carry out the MDT diagnosis and treatment model and related research. Methods According to the research method of scoping review，a literature search was performed in the CNKI，Wanfang Data，CBM，VIP，Web of Science，PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to December 16th，2023. Literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria，the quality of the included literature was evaluated，and summarized. Results A total of 14 articles were included. MDT diagnosis and treatment model were mainly used in emergency patients with stroke，trauma and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. MDT was generally led by doctors，nurses or both. Team members and responsibilities were divided by department or position. The starting time mainly included the time after diagnosis，after evaluation by the doctor，when the relevant score reaches a certain value，or the emergency stay time ≥72 h. The main intervention segment included pre-hospital，triage and evaluation in-hospital，transfer process，observation period treatment，preoperative evaluation，postoperative care and discharge follow-up stage. The outcome evaluation indicators included the time spent in each segment，treatment effect and patients’ or their relatives’ satisfaction. Conclusion The MDT diagnosis and treatment model can improve the effects of treatment and nursing in emergency patients，shorten emergency department length of stay，and improve patient satisfaction. In the future，it is necessary to continuously improve the implementation strategy of the multidisciplinary team diagnosis and treatment model，explore a standardized and integrated multi-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment model for single diseases，build a comprehensive and scientific process evaluation system，and conduct high-quality randomized controlled studies to verify its application effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress on fatigue management in patients with long COVID syndrome DENG Yuyang, DUAN Shijie, ZHANG Xiaoyan, LUO Lin, DING Lei, CHEN Shanshan 2025, 6 (1):  120-123.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (608KB) ( )   Save Although the COVID-19 epidemic is generally subsiding，there remains an urgent imperative to address the long-term health issues faced by patients with long COVID fatigue. This paper provides a review of the concept，characteristics，evaluation methods，and intervention strategies pertaining to long COVID fatigue. The characteristics of long COVID fatigue include high incidence，long duration of symptoms，complex pathogenesis，high risk in severe patients，and serious harm. It is recommended to comprehensively evaluate long COVID fatigue by combining multi-dimensional subjective assessment tools and objective fatigue assessment tools such as physical and cognitive tests. Interventions for long COVID fatigue include exercise，nutritional support，aromatherapy，and cognitive behavioral intervention. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress on inspiratory muscle training facilitating rapid pulmonary rehabilitation in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement FAN Yongshi, FENG Wenjuan, MA Yi, WU Zhongyan, MA Wenni, MA Zilin, HUANG Ying 2025, 6 (1):  124-128.  doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.01.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (822KB) ( )   Save The occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications is one of the main reasons for poor prognosis in patients undergoing mechanical heart valve replacement surgery. Inspiratory muscle training is one of the key technologies to promote postoperative rapid pulmonary rehabilitation in patients. This article mainly introduces the mechanism，timing and implementation methods of inspiratory muscle training，as well as the evaluation of effects after training. It explains that inspiratory muscle training can promote pulmonary rehabilitation in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement surgery，reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications，and provide reference for scientific and effective inspiratory muscle training in other cardiac surgeries. References | Related Articles | Metrics