Abstract:

Objective To synthesize the risk factors for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis（LEDVT） in patients with severe traumatic brain injury（sTBI） after surgery and identify core predictive variables to guide the development of an sTBI-specific risk prediction tool.Methods According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines，eight English and Chinese databases （PubMed，Cochrane Library，CNKI，etc.） were systematically searched from database inception to December 2024. Research questions were formulated according to the Participants-Concept-Context framework. Two researchers independently screened literature，extracted data，and prioritized variables based on frequency and clinical applica-bility.Results Thirteen studies were included，yielding 37 risk factors. Fifteen high-frequency factors （occurrence≥2 times） were identified：①Demographic characteristics：advanced age，elevated body mass index；②Trauma-related indicators：low Glasgow Coma Scale（GCS） score，prolonged intensive care unit stay；③Coagulation biomarkers：elevated D-dimer levels，prothrombin time<12 seconds；④Comorbidities：hypertension，diabetes，chronic pulmonary disease，pneumonia/pulmonary infection；⑤Iatrogenic exposures：mechanical ventilation，central venous catheterization，postoperative bedrest >1 week，blood transfusion，use of dehydrating agents.Conclusion LEDVT risk in sTBI patients is influenced by multidimensional factors，high-frequency variables identified in this review can serve as core parameters for model construction. Current evidence exhibits geographical bias and insufficient investigation into therapeutic factors. Future multicenter studies are recommended to refine standardized definitions and implement dynamic monitoring strategies.

Key words: Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, Risk Factors, Scoping Review