Abstract:

Objective To evaluate evidence on non-pharmacological pain management for ICU cardiac surgery patients during the perioperative period，providing references for clinical pain management practice.Methods We identified evidence-based questions，developed retrieval strategies，and conducted computer searches of guidelines，evidence summaries，best practices，recommended practices，systematic reviews，and original research related to non-pharmacological pain management for cardiac surgery patients on professional guidance websites，association websites，and databases both domestically and internationally. The evidence-based team conducted quality evaluation，evidence extraction，and summary of the included literature.Results Twenty-two studies were included，synthesized into 10 dimensions with 37 pieces of evidence，covering interdisciplinary team building，non-pharmacological pain management education，pain assessment tools，management goals，implementation principles，intervention timing，preoperative management，intraoperative management，postoperative management，and process monitoring.Conclusion Non pharmacological pain management for perioperative patients in cardiac surgery is of great significance in reducing or even suspending the use of analgesics. Clinical nurses should develop indivi-dualized non-pharmacological pain intervention strategies based on pain intensity and withdrawal process of analge-sics，forming a paradigm shift from pharmacological pain management to non-pharmacological pain management.

Key words: Cardiac Surgery, Perioperative Period, Non-Pharmacological Pain Management, Summary of Evidence, Evidence-Based Nursing