护士参与大规模伤亡事件救护体验及需求质性研究的Meta整合

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统评价护士参与大规模伤亡事件伤员救护的体验及需求。方法计算机检索国内外数据库中收录的关于护士参与大规模伤亡事件救治体验和需求的质性研究，检索时限为建库至2024年4月30日。采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价工具对纳入文献进行评价，运用汇集性整合方法对文献结果进行整合。结果共纳入15篇文献，形成13个类别、3个整合结果：大规模伤亡事件对护士的影响（提升职业价值认同感、产生心理应激与负性情绪、角色负荷加重）；护士在大规模伤亡救援过程中所面临的困难和挑战（救护知识技能欠缺、沟通合作协调障得、人力资源供应不足、方案流程及培训演练匮缺、现场救治环境复杂）；大规模伤亡救援中护士的需求（心理健康支持、有效的团队沟通合作、人力物资支持、培训方案及演练、医院管理与领导能力支持）。结论需重视护士身心健康，提升护士领导力，增强团队凝聚力，同时规范大规模伤亡事件救治流程，定期开展培训演练，运用高新技术手段提高救治质量。

关键词: 护士, 大规模伤亡事件, 质性研究, Meta整合

Abstract:

Objective To systematically evaluate the experiences and needs of nurses involved in rescue care for mass casualty incidents. Methods The qualitative studies on the experiences and needs of nurses involved in mass casualty incidents care were searched from domestic and international relevant databases. The retrieval time was from the inception to April 30，2024. The JBI Center for Evidence-Based Health Care qualitative research critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the included articles，and the pooled integration method was applied to integrate the results. Results This study encompassed 15 articles，which were analyzed to generate 13 categories，integrated into 3 synthesized findings：the impact of mass casualty events on nurses（enhancement of professional value and identity，psychological stress and negative emotions，and increased role load）；difficulties and challenges faced by nurses during mass casualty rescues（lack of knowledge and skills of rescuing，lack of communication and cooperation，insufficient supply of human resources，lack of training and drills，and complexity of on-site treatment environment）；and the needs of nurses in mass casualty rescue（mental health support，effective team communication and cooperation，human resources and material support，training programs and drills，and support for hospital management and leadership）. Conclusion Hospital administrators need to pay attention to the physical and mental health of nurses，improve teamwork and cohesion，standardize the mass casualty rescue process，conduct regular training exercises，and improve the quality of treatment by using high-tech means.

Key words: Nurses, Mass Casualty Incidents, Qualitative Research, Meta-Integration

刘倩, 阮旭, 于天灏, 孙尚雪, 李文丽, 李阳洋, 陆关珍, 彭飞. 护士参与大规模伤亡事件救护体验及需求质性研究的Meta整合[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2025, 6(4): 434-440.

LIU Qian, RUAN Xu, YU Tianhao, SUN Shangxue, LI Wenli, LI Yangyang, LU Guanzhen, PENG Fei. The experiences and needs of nurses’ participation in mass casualty incident rescue：a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(4): 434-440.

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