无人机配送自动体外除颤器在院外心搏骤停救治中应用的范围综述

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统梳理并分析当前无人机配送自动体外除颤器（automated external defibrillator，AED）在院外心搏骤停（out-of-hospital cardiac arrest，OHCA）中的应用研究。方法遵循Arksey与O’Malley范围综述框架，系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、MEDLINE及Scopus等中英文数据库，检索时限为建库至2025年6月30日。由2名研究者对纳入文献进行筛选、汇总和系统分析。结果共纳入14篇文献。结果显示，无人机具备良好的飞行稳定性与响应能力，投放成功率高81%~100%。相较传统紧急医疗服务（emergency medical services，EMS），无人机在农村、半城市化及交通不畅区域等特定环境下可显著缩短AED到达时间。结论无人机配送AED在OHCA院前急救中展现出良好的技术可行性和相对的时效优势，尤其适用于EMS资源稀缺地区。

关键词: 院外心搏骤停, 自动体外除颤器, 无人机, 急救医疗服务, 范围综述

Abstract:

Objective To systematically review and analyze current studies on the application of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest（OHCA） scenarios. Methods Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews，a comprehensive search was conducted in both Chinese and international databases，including CNKI，Wanfang，Pubmed，Embase，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，MEDLINE，and Scopus，covering literature published up to June 30，2025. Two independent reviewers screened，extracted，and synthesized the data from the included studies. Results A total of 14 studies were included. The findings demonstrate that drones possess good flight stability and response capability，with delivery success rates ranging from 81% to 100%. Compared to traditional emergency medical services（EMS），drones significantly reduced AED delivery times in specific settings such as rural，semi-urban，and traffic-congested areas. Conclusion Drone-based AED delivery shows promising technical feasibility and relative time-saving advantages in prehospital emergency care for OHCA，particularly in regions with limited EMS resources.

Key words: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Automated External Defibrillator, Drone, Emergency Medical Services, Scoping Review

王海珍, 吴金晶, 宋媛, 程鹏飞, 封秀琴. 无人机配送自动体外除颤器在院外心搏骤停救治中应用的范围综述[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2026, 7(10): 1194-1200.

WANG Haizhen, WU Jinjing, SONG Yuan, CHENG Pengfei, FENG Xiuqin. The application of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest：a scoping review[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(10): 1194-1200.

图/表 2

参考文献 31

[1]	Kiguchi T, Okubo M, Nishiyama C, et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest across the world:first report from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation(ILCOR)[J]. Resuscitation, 2020, 152:39-49. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.02.044
[2]	Merchant RM, Becker LB, Brooks SC, et al. The American Heart Association emergency cardiovascular care 2030 impact goals and call to action to improve cardiac arrest outcomes:a scien-tific statement from the American Heart Association[J]. Circu-lation, 2024, 149(8):e914-e933.
[3]	Vincent T, Lefebvre T, Martinez M, et al. Association between emergency medical services intervention volume and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival:a propensity score matching analysis[J]. J Emerg Med, 2024, 67(6):e533-e543. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.06.008 pmid: 39370327
[4]	Cabañas JG, Sasson C, Abella BS, et al. American Heart Asso-ciation automated external defibrillator symposium:summary and recommendations[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2025, 14(7):e039291. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.124.039291
[5]	Raykar NP, Raguveer V, Abdella YE, et al. Innovative blood transfusion strategies to address global blood deserts:a consensus statement from the Blood Delivery via Emerging Strategies for Emergency Remote Transfusion(Blood DESERT) Coalition[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2024, 12(3):e522-e529. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00564-8 pmid: 38365422
[6]	Zègre-Hemsey JK, Grewe ME, Johnson AM, et al. Delivery of automated external defibrillators via drones in simulated cardiac arrest:users’ experiences and the human-drone intera-ction[J]. Resuscitation, 2020, 157:83-88. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.10.006 pmid: 33080371
[7]	Zègre-Hemsey JK, Bogle B, Cunningham CJ, et al. Delivery of automated external defibrillators(AED) by drones:implications for emergency cardiac care[J]. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep, 2018, 12(11):25. doi: 10.1007/s12170-018-0589-2
[8]	Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies:towards a methodological framework[J]. Int J Soc Res Methodol, 2005, 8(1):19-32. doi: 10.1080/1364557032000119616
[9]	Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, et al. Systematic review or sco-ping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach[J]. BMC Med Res Me-thodol, 2018, 18(1):143.
[10]	Claesson A, Fredman D, Svensson L, et al. Unmanned aerial vehicles(drones) in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest[J]. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 2016, 24(1):124. doi: 10.1186/s13049-016-0313-5
[11]	Claesson A, Bäckman A, Ringh M, et al. Time to delivery of an automated external defibrillator using a drone for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests vs emergency medical services[J]. JAMA, 2017, 317(22):2332-2334. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.3957 pmid: 28609525
[12]	Cheskes S, McLeod SL, Nolan M, et al. Improving access to automated external defibrillators in rural and remote settings:a drone delivery feasibility study[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2020, 9(14):e016687. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.016687
[13]	Rosamond WD, Johnson AM, Bogle BM, et al. Drone delivery of an automated external defibrillator[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(12):1186-1188. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1915956
[14]	Schierbeck S, Hollenberg J, Nord A, et al. Automated external defibrillators delivered by drones to patients with suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest[J]. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(15):1478-1487. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab498
[15]	Baumgarten MC, Röper J, Hahnenkamp K, et al. Drones delive-ring automated external defibrillators-Integrating unmanned aerial systems into the chain of survival:a simulation study in rural Germany[J]. Resuscitation, 2022, 172:139-145. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.12.025
[16]	Schierbeck S, Svensson L, Claesson A. Use of a drone-deli-vered automated external defibrillator in an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest[J]. N Engl J Med, 2022, 386(20):1953-1954. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2200833
[17]	Schierbeck S, Nord A, Svensson L, et al. Drone delivery of au-tomated external defibrillators compared with ambulance arrival in real-life suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests:a prospective observational study in Sweden[J]. Lancet Digit Health, 2023, 5(12):e862-e871.
[18]	Scholz SS, Wähnert D, Jansen G, et al. AED delivery at night-Can drones do the Job? A feasibility study of unmanned aerial systems to transport automated external defibrillators during night-time[J]. Resuscitation, 2023, 185:109734. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109734
[19]	Fischer P, Rohrer U, Nürnberger P, et al. Automated external defibrillator delivery by drone in mountainous regions to sup-port basic life support-A simulation study[J]. Resusc Plus, 2023, 14:100384. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100384
[20]	van Veelen MJ, Vinetti G, Dal Cappello T, et al. Drones reduce the time to defibrillation in a highly visited non-urban area:a randomized simulation-based trial[J]. Am J Emerg Med, 2024, 86:5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.09.036
[21]	Starks MA, Blewer AL, Chow C, et al. Incorporation of drone technology into the chain of survival for OHCA:estimation of time needed for bystander treatment of OHCA and CPR performance[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2024, 17(4):e010061.
[22]	Jakobsen LK, Bang Gram JK, Grabmayr AJ, et al. Semi-auto-nomous drone delivering automated external defibrillators for real out-of-hospital cardiac arrest:a Danish feasibility study[J]. Resuscitation, 2025, 208:110544. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110544
[23]	Srivilaithon W, Khunkhlai N, Currie M. Flight testing of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in suburban Thailand[J]. Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1):6936. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91924-x
[24]	Maaz M, Benjamin Leung KH, Boutilier JJ, et al. Cost-effecti-veness of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators for cardiac arrest[J]. Resuscitation, 2025, 209:110552. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110552
[25]	Starks MA, Chu J, Benjamin Leung KH, et al. Combinations of first responder and drone delivery to achieve 5-minute AED deployment in OHCA[J]. JACC Adv, 2024, 3(7):101033. doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101033
[26]	Zègre-Hemsey JK, Cheskes S, Johnson AM, et al. Challenges & barriers for real-time integration of drones in emergency cardiac care:Lessons from the United States,Sweden,& Canada[J]. Resusc Plus, 2024, 17:100554. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100554
[27]	Shao TY, Li YX, Gao WX, et al. A PAD-based unmanned aerial vehichle route planning scheme for remote sensing in huge regions[J]. Sensors, 2023, 23(24):9897. doi: 10.3390/s23249897
[28]	Amukele T. Current state of drones in healthcare:challenges and opportunities[J]. J Appl Lab Med, 2019, 4(2):296-298. doi: 10.1373/jalm.2019.030106
[29]	Choi DS, Hong KJ, Do Shin S, et al. Effect of topography and weather on delivery of automatic electrical defibrillator by drone for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):24195. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03648-3 pmid: 34921221
[30]	Li Q, Xia J, Ge FM, et al. Blood delivery by drone:a faltering step in a promising direction[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2022, 10(8):e1098. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00272-8
[31]	Kim HJ, Kim JH, Park D. Comparing audio- and video-deli-vered instructions in dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation with drone-delivered automatic external defibrillator:a mixed methods simulation study[J]. Peer J, 2021, 9:e11761. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11761