ISSN 2097-6046（网络）
ISSN 2096-7446（印刷）
CN 10-1655/R
主管：中国科学技术协会
主办：中华护理学会
中华急危重症护理杂志

中华急危重症护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (5): 595-601.doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.05.014

• 护士职业发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

ICU护士体外膜肺氧合护理核心能力的现状及影响因素分析

赵丽华1(), 郑一梅2, 袁翠3, 张建霞4, 叶晶1,*()   

  1. 1 北京大学第一医院心血管内科监护室 北京市 100034
    2 北京大学第一医院心血管内科 北京市 100034
    3 北京大学第一医院重症医学科 北京市 100034
    4 北京大学第一医院急诊科 北京市 100034
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-04-28
  • 通讯作者: *叶晶，E-mail：274601918@qq.com
  • 作者简介:赵丽华：女，硕士，主管护师，E-mail：zhaolihua0601@163.com
    第一联系人：

    赵丽华、叶晶：研究设计、统计分析、论文撰写；郑一梅：问卷发放、数据整理；袁翠、张建霞：研究指导、论文修改

  • 基金资助:
    北京大学第一医院科研种子基金(2022SF73)

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of core competencies in ECMO nursing care among ICU nurses

ZHAO Lihua1(), ZHENG Yimei2, YUAN Cui3, ZHANG Jianxia4, YE Jing1,*()   

  1. 1 Cardiovascular Medicine Intensive Care Unit， Peking University First Hospital， Beijing 100034
    2 Cardiovascular Medicine Department， Peking University First Hospital， Beijing 100034
    3 Critical Care Medicine Department， Peking University First Hospital， Beijing 100034
    4 Emergency Department， Peking University First Hospital， Beijing 100034
  • Received:2025-05-14 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-04-28
  • Contact: *YE Jing，E-mail：274601918@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Peking University First Hospital Research Seed Fund(2022SF73)

RichHTML

PDF下载

摘要：

目的 调查覆盖全国七大区域（华北、东北、华东、华中、华南、西南、西北）的三级甲等医院ICU护士体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO）护理核心能力的现状，分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法，于2023年9月—2024年10月，使用一般资料调查表、自制的ECMO护理核心能力量表对26所三级甲等医院462名ICU护士进行调查，采用中位数和四分位数描述能力得分，单因素分析与多元线性回归分析筛选影响因素。结果 ICU护士ECMO护理核心能力总分为216（190，242）分，各维度得分标准化转换后专业发展能力（75.24%）与护理管理能力（77.00%）得分率最低。从事ECMO护理年限、是否接受过系统ECMO护理培训、护理层级、独立护理ECMO患者例数、职务为护士长是核心能力的主要影响因素（β值分别为0.149、0.144、0.532、0.165、0.128，调整后R2=0.190，P<0.001）。结论 国内三级甲等医院ICU护士ECMO护理核心能力呈现多维不均衡特征，整体处于中等水平，专业发展与护理管理能力薄弱，未来可以以全球体外生命支持组织指南标准化培训与分层认证体系为指导，构建以循证培训体系为基础、临床实践为导向、能力分层管理为支撑的专科发展路径，同时优化多学科团队中护理管理职能的赋权，系统提升ECMO护理质量。

关键词: 体外膜肺氧合, ECMO, ICU护士, 核心能力, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of core competencies in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（ECMO） nursing among ICU nurses in tertiary grade-A hospitals across China’s seven major regions （North China，Northeast China，East China，Central China，South China，Southwest China，and Northwest China），and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods Using a convenience sampling method，462 ICU nurses from 26 tertiary hospitals were assessed from September 2023 to October 2024. Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a self-developed ECMO Nursing Core Competency Scale. Competency scores were described using median （interquartile range），both univariate analysis and multiple linear regression model were em-ployed to identify influencing factors. Results The median total score of ECMO nursing core competencies was 216（190，242）. After standardized conversion，professional development competency（75.24%） and nursing management competency（77.00%） demonstrated the lowest attainment rates. Key influencing factors included years of ECMO nursing experience（β=0.149），completion of systematic ECMO training（β=0.144），nursing ladder（β=0.532），number of independent ECMO cases managed（β=0.165），and nurse manager status（β=0.128），collectively explaining 19% of variance（adjusted R2=0.190，P<0.001）. Conclusion ECMO nursing competencies among ICU nurses in Chinese tertiary hospitals exhibit multidimensional imbalance，maintaining an intermediate overall level with notable deficiencies in professional development and management domains. In the future，guided by the standardized training and hierarchical certification system of the Global Guidelines for Extracorporeal Life Support Organizations，a specialized development path based on evidence-based training system，guided by clinical practice，and supported by hierarchical management of abilities can be constructed. At the same time，the empowerment of nursing management functions in multidisciplinary teams can be optimized，to systematically enhance the quality of ECMO nursing.

Key words: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, ECMO, ICU Nurses, Core Competencies, Influencing Factors Analysis