NICU新生儿家长感知护理需求量表的编制及信效度检验

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.10.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的编制新生儿重症监护病房（neonatal intensive care unit，NICU）新生儿家长感知护理需求量表，并验证其信效度。方法在文献分析、半结构式访谈和头脑风暴法的基础上形成量表初稿，初稿在实施2轮德尔菲专家函询后形成测试版量表。采用便利抽样的方法，于2024年4月—11月选取安徽省3所三级甲等医院367名NICU新生儿家长进行调查，验证其信效度。结果 NICU新生儿家长感知护理需求量表包括有效沟通感知、心理支持感知、延伸护理感知、专业技术感知4个维度，32个条目。量表的总Cronbach’s α系数为0.948，折半信度为0.850、重测信度为0.879，内容效度指数为0.875。探索性因子分析提取4个公因子，累计方差贡献率为63.438%；验证因子分析结果显示，各维度聚合效度指标组合信度（Composite Reliability，CR）为0.898~0.933，平均方差萃取量（Average Variance Extracted，AVE）为0.542~0.604，AVE平方根为0.736~0.777，量表因子结构稳定。结论 NICU新生儿家长感知护理需求量表具有良好的信效度，可用于测量NICU新生儿家长真实感知护理需求的水平。

关键词: 新生儿重症监护病房, 家长感知护理, 需求, 量表, 信度, 效度

Abstract:

Objective To develop and validate a scale for assessing the perceived nursing care needs of parents of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit（NICU）. Methods An initial draft of the scale was constructed through literature review，semi-structured interviews，and brainstorming techniques. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation，a pilot version was finalized. From April to November 2024，convenience sampling was used to survey 367 parents of NICU patients across three tertiary Grade-A hospitals in Anhui Province to evaluate the scale’s reliability and validity. Results The Perceived Nursing Needs Scale for Parents of Neonates in NICU included four dimensions：perceived effective communication，perceived psychological support，perceived extended care，and perceived professional competence，with a total of 32 items. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.948，the split-half reliability was 0.850，and the test-retest reliability was 0.879，the content validity index reached 0.875. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four principal factors with strong construct validity，accounting for 63.438% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that composite reliability （CR） of each dimension ranging from 0.898 to 0.933，average variance extracted（AVE） from 0.542 to 0.604，and AVE square roots between 0.736 and 0.777，indicating stable factor structure of the scale. Conclusion The Perceived Nursing Needs Scale for Parents of Neonates in NICU has good reliability and validity，which can be used to assess the actual nursing care needs perceived by parents of NICU neonates.

Key words: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Family-Perceived Nursing, Needs, Scale, Reliability, Validity

吴玉艳, 唐朝亮. NICU新生儿家长感知护理需求量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2025, 6(10): 1201-1207.

WU Yuyan, TANG Chaoliang. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Perceived Nursing Needs Scale for Parents of Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(10): 1201-1207.

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