术后患者发生阿片类药物诱导呼吸抑制的评估及预防研究进展

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.02.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

术后患者阿片类药物诱导呼吸抑制是指使用阿片类药物的患者在术后出现了呼吸频率减慢、通气量减小、低氧血症、高碳酸血症、嗜睡等症状，严重危及生命。早期识别呼吸抑制并进行积极干预是临床护理工作重点。该文对阿片类药物诱导术后呼吸抑制的评估和预防进行综述，并结合我国国情，总结护士在系统评估、动态监测、个性化报警设置、术前严密筛查、严格把握转出标准、标准化院内转运、注重护患合作等方面的工作重点，为早期预警和预见性干预提供参考。

关键词: 阿片类药物, 呼吸抑制, 评估, 预防, 危重病护理, 综述文献（主题）

Abstract:

Opioid induced postoperative respiratory depression refers to the serious life-threatening symptoms of slow respiratory rate，reduced ventilation，hypoxemia，hypercapnia，and drowsiness after surgery in patients who use opioid drugs. Early identification of respiratory depression and active intervention is a key focus of clinical nursing work. This article provides a review of the evaluation and prevention of postoperative respiratory depression induced by opioid drugs，and combines with China’s national conditions to summarize the work priorities of nurses in systematic evaluation，dynamic monitoring，personalized alarm settings，rigorous preoperative screening，strict control of transfer standards，standardized hospital transportation，and emphasis on nurse patient cooperation，providing reference for early warning and predictive intervention.

Key words: Opioid Drugs, Respiratory Suppression, Evaluation, Prevention, Critical Care Nursing, Review Literature as Topic

徐小英, 叶素娟, 吴秋杭, 乔文博, 高春华. 术后患者发生阿片类药物诱导呼吸抑制的评估及预防研究进展[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2025, 6(2): 252-256.

XU Xiaoying, YE Sujuan, WU Qiuhang, QIAO Wenbo, GAO Chunhua. Research progress on the evaluation and prevention of postoperative respiratory depression induced by opioid drugs in patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(2): 252-256.

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