To summarize the postoperative nursing experience of two patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis（MDA5-DM） who underwent lung transplantation. To address the problems of infection exacerbation，primary graft dysfunction and cardiovascular complications which were likely to occur after lung transplantation in these patients with anti-MDA5-DM，a number of targeted nursing measures were taken，including multifaceted infection prevention and control，prevention and management of complications，early rehabilitation and exercise，and monitoring of the primary disease and the side effects of immunosppressive drugs. After careful treatment and nursing care，both patients were transferred to the general ward after their conditions were stabilized. A follow-up conducted 2 months after ICU discharge showed patients were in good condition.