Objective To search the literature and use evidence-based method to evaluate and summarize evidence，providing a basis for the prevention of peripheral intravenous injury in ICU adult patients and a reference for clinical practice. Methods Systematic search was conducted in related websites and databases on all evidence about the peripheral intravenous injury management for ICU adult patients，including clinical decision-making， guidelines，consensus，randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. The search time limit was from January， 2018 to January，2023. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the literature，extracted and summarized the evidence independently. Results Totally 15 articles were involved，including two clinical decisions，one evidence summary，one guideline，four systematic reviews，four expert consensuses，and three randomized controlled trials. 22 pieces of best evidence were summarized from 6 aspects：catheter indwelling to prevent peripheral intravenous injury，catheter maintenance to prevent peripheral intravenous injury，peripheral phlebitis prevention，drug extravasation prevention，catheter obstructions prevention，and infection prevention. Conclusion This study summarizes the current best evidence for the prevention of peripheral intravenous injury in ICU adult patients and provides an evidence-based basis for the correct use and manage of peripheral vein. Evidence is recommended to guide clinical procedures and improve safety of peripheral vein use in ICU adult patients.