Medication self-management emphasizes patient preparation and use of medication，and maintains safe use of drugs for a period of time to successfully manage their own treatment plan，which can affect the short-term and long-term prognosis of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）. Accurate assessment of patient medication compliance can help medical staff understand the appropriateness，effectiveness and safety of patient medication，adjust the treatment plan in time，and also provide a basis for the formulation of medication self- management plan for patients with HSCT. This article reviews the influencing factors，evaluation and intervention strategies of medication self-management in patients with HSCT，in order to provide a reference for related research.