The nursing experience of 10 cases of descending necrotizing mediastinitis secondary to oral and maxillofacial space infection was summarized. In terms of problems such as airway obstruction，mediastinal infection leading to dyspnea，postoperative placement of different drainage devices after interstitial infection，and postoperative serious complications in this group of patients，we adopted targeted airway management，postoperative pipeline management after thoracentesis treatment，personalized care of three different drainage devices and focused on patient complaints，implemented dynamic assessment of the risks of postoperative complications，timely judged and treated complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis，venous thromboembolism and gastrointestinal bleeding. After active treatment and nursing，the patients in this group improved significantly，and they were discharged from the hospital within 11 to 53 days.