Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (9): 1089-1095.doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.09.009
• Guideline and Standard • Previous Articles Next Articles
CAO Yulong(
), GAO Yan, GAN Xiuni*(
)
Received:2025-11-19
Online:2026-09-10
Published:2026-08-31
Contact:
* GAN Xiuni,E-mail:300650@cqmu.edu.cn
CAO Yulong, GAO Yan, GAN Xiuni. Interpretation of Guidelines for the Management of Acute Behavioural Disturbance in the Emergency Department(3rd Edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(9): 1089-1095.
| [1] |
Stevenson R, Tracy DK. Acute behavioural disturbance:a physical emergency psychiatrists need to understand[J]. Bjpsych Adv, 2021, 27(5):333-342.
doi: 10.1192/bja.2020.67 |
| [2] |
Holloman G, Zeller S. Overview of project BETA:best practices in evaluation and treatment of agitation[J]. WestJEM, 2012, 13(1):1-2.
doi: 10.5811/westjem.2011.9.6865 |
| [3] |
Yap CYL, Taylor DM, Kong DCM, et al. Risk factors for sedation-related events during acute agitation management in the emergency department[J]. Acad Emerg Med, 2019, 26(10):1135-1143.
doi: 10.1111/acem.13826 pmid: 31265756 |
| [4] |
Zoleo M, Della Rocca F, Tedeschi F, et al. Violence against health workers:findings from three emergency departments in the teaching hospital of Padua,Italy[J]. Intern Emerg Med, 2020, 15(6):1067-1074.
doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02290-7 |
| [5] |
Lei ZH, Yan SJ, Jiang H, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence against emergency department nurses in China[J]. Int J Public Health, 2022, 67:1604912.
doi: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604912 |
| [6] | 中华医学会精神医学分会精神分裂症协作组. 激越患者精神科处置专家共识[J]. 中华精神科杂志, 2017, 50(6):401-410. |
| Chinese Society of Psychiatry,Schizophrenia Coordination Group. Expert consensus on psychiatric treatment of agitation patients[J]. Chin J Psychiatry, 2017, 50(6):401-410. | |
| [7] | 中华医学会急诊医学分会危重症学组, 中国急诊成人镇痛、镇静与谵妄管理专家共识组. 中国急诊成人镇痛、镇静与谵妄管理专家共识[J]. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2023, 32(12):1594-1609. |
| Critical Care Group of Chinese Emergency Medicine Society; Expert Consensus Group on Adult Analgesia, Sedation and Delir-ium Management in Chinese Emergency Department. Expert consensus on adult analgesia,sedation and delirium management in Chinese emergency departments[J]. Chin J Emerg Med, 2023, 32(12):1594-1609. | |
| [8] | Royal College of Emergency Medicine. Acute behavioural disturbance in emergency departments:best practice guideline,version 3[EB/OL]. London:Royal College of Emergency Medicine,2025[2026-05-27]. https://www.rcem.ac.uk/publications-guidelines/best-practice-guidelines/acute-behavioural-disturbance-in-emer-gency-departments-version-3-may-2025/. |
| [9] |
Humphries C, Kelly A, Sadik A, et al. Consensus on acute behavioural disturbance in the UK:a multidisciplinary modified Delphi study to determine what it is and how it should be managed[J]. Emerg Med J, 2024, 41(1):4-12.
doi: 10.1136/emermed-2023-213335 |
| [10] |
Gonin P, Beysard N, Yersin B, et al. Excited delirium:a syste-matic review[J]. Acad Emerg Med, 2018, 25(5):552-565.
doi: 10.1111/acem.2018.25.issue-5 |
| [11] |
Liu F, Chen JJ, Du Y, et al. Misidentification of acute psychiatric symptoms in the emergency room:clinical experience in China[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2021, 11:579484.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579484 |
| [12] |
Casey CA, Guzman J, Salard M, et al. Refining medical clearance protocol for patients with primary psychiatric complaints in the emergency department[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2023, 14:1209450.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1209450 |
| [13] |
Weedn V, Steinberg A, Speth P. Prone restraint cardiac arrest in in-custody and arrest-related deaths[J]. J Forensic Sci, 2022, 67(5):1899-1914.
doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.15101 pmid: 35869602 |
| [14] |
Zhu SN, Liu J, Cao AL, et al. Study of psychomotor agitation constraint method:a systematic review[J]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 2025, 53(3):598-604.
doi: 10.62641/aep.v53i3.1997 |
| [15] |
Cui NQ, Zhang H, Gan SJ, et al. Prevalence and influencing factors of physical restraints in intensive care units:a retrospective cohort study[J]. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 2023, 16:945-956.
doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S408919 |
| [16] |
Zhang CC, Liu D, He QF. The characteristics of ICU physical restraint use and related influencing factors in China:a multi-center study[J]. Ann Palliat Med, 2021, 10(2):1198-1206.
doi: 10.21037/apm |
| [17] |
Cui NQ, Qiu RL, Zhang YP, et al. Why are physical restraints still in use? A qualitative descriptive study from Chinese critical care clinicians’ perspectives[J]. BMJ Open, 2021, 11(11):e055073.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055073 |
| [18] | 法律出版社法规中心. 中华人民共和国精神卫生法:注释本[M]. 北京: 法律出版社, 2012. |
| Statutory Research Center, Law Press. Mental Health Law of the People’s Republic of China:Annotated Version[M]. Beijing: Law Press, 2012. | |
| [19] | Ye JR, Xiao AX, Yu L, et al. Physical restraints:an ethical dilemma in mental health services in China[J]. Int J Nurs Sci, 2018, 5(1):68-71. |
| [20] | 蒲秋霞, 李红伟, 李虹静, 等. 从破窗理论谈急诊科工作场所暴力的防范[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2020, 1(2):186-189. |
| Pu QX, Li HW, Li HJ, et al. Prevention of workplace violence in broken window theory altar emergency department[J]. Chin J Emerg Crit Care Nurs, 2020, 1(2):186-189. | |
| [21] |
Richmond J, Berlin J, Fishkind A, et al. Verbal de-escalation of the agitated patient:consensus statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA de-escalation workgroup[J]. WestJEM, 2012, 13(1):17-25.
doi: 10.5811/westjem.2011.9.6864 |
| [22] |
Chen X, Zeng YT, Jiang L, et al. Assessing emergency department nurses’ ability to communicate with angry patients and the factors that influence it[J]. Front Public Health, 2023, 11:1098803.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1098803 |
| [23] | 周春清, 冯欣夷, 马小琴. 护理专业学生预防与应对工作场所暴力培训实践的范围综述[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2024, 5(9):818-824. |
| Zhou CQ, Feng XY, Ma XQ. Training practices for nursing students to prevent and respond to workplace violence:a scoping review[J]. Chin J Emerg Crit Care Nurs, 2024, 5(9):818-824. | |
| [24] | Zeng X, Zou C, Tao HX, et al. Workplace violence against primary care physicians in Chengdu,China:a cross-sectional survey[J]. J Prim Care Community Health, 2025, 16:21501319251318837. |
| [25] |
Ye JR, Xia ZC, Wang C, et al. Effectiveness of CRSCE-based de-escalation training on reducing physical restraint in psy-chiatric hospitals:a cluster randomized controlled trial[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2021, 12:576662.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.576662 |
| [26] |
吴莹玉, 黄霞, 贾培培, 等. 护士工作场所暴力防范培训体系的构建[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2020, 55(4):584-589.
doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.04.020 |
|
Wu YY, Huang X, Jia PP, et al. Development of a nurse training indicator system against workplace violence based on behavioral objectives theory[J]. Chin J Nurs, 2020, 55(4):584-589.
doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.04.020 |
|
| [27] |
Cole JB, Lee SC, Martel ML, et al. The incidence of QT prolongation and torsades des pointes in patients receiving droperidol in an urban emergency department[J]. West J Emerg Med, 2020, 21(4):728-736.
doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47036 pmid: 32726229 |
| [28] |
Alshehri AM, Crowley KE, Lupi KE, et al. Evaluation of droperidol use in the emergency department:a retrospective analysis of QTc prolongation and adverse events[J]. BMC Emerg Med, 2024, 24(1):232.
doi: 10.1186/s12873-024-01158-9 |
| [29] | 急诊呼气末二氧化碳监测专家共识组. 急诊呼气末二氧化碳监测专家共识[J]. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2017, 26(5):507-511. |
| Emergency end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring expert consensus group. Expert consensus on emergency end-expiratory carbon dioxide monitoring[J]. Chin J Emerg Med, 2017, 26(5):507-511. | |
| [30] |
Chen F, Liu LB, Wang YT, et al. Delirium prevalence in geriatric emergency department patients:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J Emerg Med, 2022, 59:121-128.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.05.058 pmid: 35841845 |
| [31] |
Zhou JY, Qin QZ, Chen SG, et al. Moral dilemmas regarding physical restraints in intensive care units:understanding autonomy,beneficence,non-maleficence and justice in the use of physical restraints[J]. J Multidiscip Healthc, 2024, 17:1619-1627.
doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S455910 |
| [1] | HUANG Shuixiu, LIANG Li, ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Yu. Design and application of an intelligent demand Q&A program for emergency department based on humanistic care concept [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(9): 1076-1081. |
| [2] | CHEN Fengyun, ZHU Jihua, ZHU Shuzhen, WANG Yanqing, LIU Yanmei. The practice of multi-department collaborative management for children with relapsed and refractory acute B lymphoblastic leukemia [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(7): 841-845. |
| [3] | CHEN Cailing, WANG Rui, JIANG Zhaoquan, MA Guowei, SUN Pan, ZHU Xiang’an, ZHANG Lan. Analysis of the mediating effect of workplace friendship on the relationship between professional resilience and professional well-being of emergency department nurses [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(6): 725-732. |
| [4] | CHEN Ruoxi, LIU Lihong, FAN Luo, WANG Huixia, JIA Qianhui, YANG Zhen, FAN Kaisheng, WANG Yuanyunzi. Evidence summary of de-escalation measures for patient-nurse violence in emergency departments [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(6): 748-754. |
| [5] | CUI Mengjiao, CHEN Lu, HUANG Ping, FANG Fang, XIA Ying, MEI Tianshu. A qualitative study on the emergency department nurses’ experience of practicing humanistic care [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(5): 602-607. |
| [6] | JIANG Xiuzhen, WANG Yanli, HE Huiling, WU Yan, MA Liying. Analysis of the latent profile characteristics and influencing factors of change fatigue of nurses in emergency department [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(3): 344-350. |
| [7] | Internal Medicine Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association, Nursing Professional Committee of the National Cardiovascular Disease Expert Committee, (Writing Committee:TIAN Qing, PANG Ran, ZHAO Rui, WANG Mengwei, XIE Yunyi, LIU Yuwen, WANG Fei, HA Shusong, WANG Hanle. Expert consensus on emergency nursing practice for patients with acute aortic dissection [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026, 7(1): 70-76. |
| [8] | CHEN Panjun, LI Bo, ZHAO Yati, GUO Xinzhen. Experience of emergency department nurses in disaster relief:a qualitative meta-synthesis [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(8): 1010-1016. |
| [9] | DING Jinling, SHEN Xiao, YANG Lei, WANG Ping, WANG Sa, WANG Yuwei. Construction and practice of smart geriatric emergency clinics [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(6): 676-680. |
| [10] | ZHANG Yuanyuan, LIU Ying, LIU Qiyan. Investigation on the current situation of emergency nurses’ management needs for device-related pressure injuries in emergency and critically ill patients [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(6): 719-724. |
| [11] | WANG Ping, LU Zhihong, WANG Yuwei, WANG Sa, ZHANG Yukun, FANG Jue, ZHOU Shuaishuai, JIN Jingfen. Investigation on the current status of nursing human resources in emergency departments of medical institutions in Zhejiang Province [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(3): 290-296. |
| [12] | OUYANG Lanxin, LIU Di, CHEN Wen. Research progress on identifying and treating injuries caused by elder abuse in emergency departments [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(3): 376-379. |
| [13] | WANG Yuwei, LIU Yajie, GAO Binbing, FANG Jue, WANG Ping, DING Jianbo, ZHANG Tao, YUAN Yongmei, LI Jihui, WANG Sa. Application of virtual cloud billing combined with unaccompanied new diagnosis and treatment model in emergency critically ill patients [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(2): 188-193. |
| [14] | ZHANG Yulin, GU Ying, WANG Yaliuhui, WANG Yingwen, ZHAN Chuyi, RONG Xinyi, LI Yang. Introduction and interpretation of the checklist for reporting results of internet e-surveys [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(10): 1208-1213. |
| [15] | QI Jianwei, LUO Yetao, ZHANG Kebiao, GU Manping, FU Shimin, MA Yingzhuo, JIANG Jing, LIU Min, ZHAO Qinghua. Status and influencing factors of workplace verbal abuse by patients among emergency nurses in 67 tertiary class A hospitals [J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(10): 1232-1238. |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||