ISSN 2097-6046（网络）
ISSN 2096-7446（印刷）
CN 10-1655/R
主管：中国科学技术协会
主办：中华护理学会
中华急危重症护理杂志

中华急危重症护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (6): 660-666.doi: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.06.003

• 心脏手术康复护理专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

急性心肌梗死行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者出院准备度的潜在剖面分析

许莉1(), 穆文方2, 方闻捷3, 秦明扬3, 王喜益4,*()   

  1. 1 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院护理部 上海市 200127
    2 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心内科监护室 上海市 200127
    3 上海健康医学院护理与健康管理学院 上海市 201318
    4 上海交通大学护理学院 上海市 200025
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 王喜益 E-mail:xuli@renji.com;wangxiyi4869@shsmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:许莉：女，硕士，副主任护师，护士长，E-mail：xuli@renji.com
    第一联系人：

    许莉：研究设计、文献检索、论文撰写；穆文方：文献检索、数据分析、论文修改；方闻捷、秦明扬：资料收集、论文撰写；王喜益：研究指导、论文修改

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(72304183)

Latent profile analysis of readiness for hospital discharge among acute myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

XU Li1(), MU Wenfang2, FANG Wenjie3, QIN Mingyang3, WANG Xiyi4,*()   

  1. 1 Nursing Department， Renji Hospital，Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine， Shanghai 200127， China
    2 Coronary Care Unit， Renji Hospital，Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine， Shanghai 200127， China
    3 School of Nursing and Health Management， Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences， Shanghai 201318， China
    4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing， Shanghai 200025， China
  • Received:2025-06-23 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-06-02
  • Contact: WANG Xiyi E-mail:xuli@renji.com;wangxiyi4869@shsmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(72304183)

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摘要：

目的 识别急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction，AMI）行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI）术后患者出院准备度潜在类别，深入剖析其异质性特征及关键影响因素，为个性化出院指导和延续性护理干预提供理论依据与实践路径。 方法 采用便利抽样法，于2024年1月—6月选取上海市某三级甲等综合医院的AMI行PCI术后患者作为研究对象。出院当天采用纸质问卷收集一般资料、出院指导质量量表和出院准备度量表数据。基于出院准备度量表3个维度进行潜在剖面分析确定最佳潜在类别，并结合单因素分析与多元有序Logistic回归分析探讨影响因素。 结果 最终纳入202例患者，AMI行PCI术后患者出院准备度可分为3个潜在类别：低适应能力组53例（26.24%）、低预期性支持组12例（5.94%）、高出院准备度组137例（67.82%）。多元有序Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、出院指导质量是出院准备度潜在类别的影响因素（P<0.05）。 结论 AMI行PCI术后患者出院准备度处在中等偏高水平且存在明显异质性。医护人员应重点关注低适应能力组患者和低预期性支持组患者并实施分层、个性化干预，以提升患者出院准备度及康复管理能力。

关键词: 急性心肌梗死, 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗, 出院准备度, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To identify potential categories of readiness for hospital discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI），and comprehensively analyze its heterogeneous characteristics and key influencing factors to establish a theoretical foundation and delineate practical pathways for personalized discharge guidance and sustained care interventions. Methods Using the convenient sampling method，AMI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） in the Department of Cardiology of a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai from January to June 2024 were investigated. Data were collected on the day of discharge using paper questionnaires，including general information，the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale，and the Chinese version of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Latent profile analysis based on three dimensions of the discharge readiness scale was used to identify the optimal classification. Univariate analysis and multivariate ordinal logistic regression were performed to explore factors influencing latent categories. Results 202 patients were included for data analysis. Three latent categories of discharge readiness were identified：low coping ability group （n=53，26.24%），low expected support group（n=12，5.94%），and high readiness group（n=137，67.82%）. Multivariate ordered Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender，age，education level，marital status，and quality of discharge teaching were significant influencing factors of latent category membership（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Readiness for hospital discharge among patients with AMI after PCI is moderately high but heterogeneous. Healthcare providers should focus on the low coping ability and low expected support group，and implement stratified individualized interventions for these patients to enhance discharge readiness and post-discharge self-management.

Key words: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Readiness for Hospital Discharge, Latent Profile Analysis, Influencing Factor