心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者肺康复训练自我管理能力现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者肺康复训练自我管理能力现状及影响因素，为制订有效的肺康复干预方案提供参考。方法采用便利抽样，选取2023年11月—2024年3月在云南省某三级甲等医院心脏大血管外科接受心脏机械瓣膜置换术的201例符合纳入标准的患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者自我管理量表、肺康复自我效能感指数量表以及简明生活质量量表对患者进行调查。通过多元逐步回归分析，得出影响心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者肺康复训练自我管理能力的因素。结果多元逐步回归分析结果显示，性别、年龄、家庭人均月收入、文化程度、是否合并其他慢性病、肺康复自我效能感及生活质量是心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者肺康复训练自我管理能力的主要影响因素。结论心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者肺康复训练自我管理能力亟待提高，且受到诸多因素的影响，医护人员可采取多方面措施提升心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者的肺康复自我效能感和生活质量，进而改善其自我管理能力，为降低术后肺部并发症的发生提供科学依据。

关键词: 心脏机械瓣膜置换术, 自我管理能力, 肺康复训练, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of self-management ability of pulmonary rehabilitation training in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement surgery，and provide reference for the development of effective pulmonary rehabilitation intervention plans. Methods Through convenience sampling，201 eligible patients who underwent mechanical heart valve replacement surgery at a tertiary hospital in Yunnan Province from November 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the study subjects. A comprehensive survey was conducted on patients using a general information questionnaire，a self-management scale for patients after mechanical heart valve replacement surgery，a pulmonary rehabilitation self-efficacy index scale，and a concise quality of life scale. Through multiple stepwise regression analysis，factors affecting the self-management ability of lung rehabilitation training in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement surgery were identified. Results Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that gender，age，average monthly household income，educational level，presence of other chronic diseases，self-efficacy in pulmonary rehabilitation，and quality of life were the main influencing factors on the self-management ability of pulmonary rehabilitation training in patients after cardiac mechanical valve replacement surgery. Conclusion The self-management ability of pulmonary rehabilitation training for patients undergoing mechanical heart valve replacement surgery urgently needs to be improved，and is influenced by many factors. Medical staff should take various measures to improve the self-management ability of patients undergoing mechanical heart valve replacement surgery，thereby enhancing self-efficacy and improving quality of life，providing scientific basis for reducing the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Key words: Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement Surgery, Self-Management Ability, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Training, Route Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

范咏诗, 马懿, 宋金杰, 李婷, 熊司琦, 徐加鹏, 黄英. 心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者肺康复训练自我管理能力现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2025, 6(12): 1444-1450.

FAN Yongshi, MA Yi, SONG Jinjie, LI Ting, XIONG Siqi, XU Jiapeng, HUANG Ying. Current status and influencing factors of self-management ability of pulmonary rehabilitation training in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(12): 1444-1450.

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