目的 评估基于二元疾病管理理论的ICU患者出科准备护理方案的应用效果。方法 采取类实验研究的非同期对照法，便利选择重症医学科收治的66对患者及照顾者为研究对象，2024年1月—3月入组的33对设为试验组，实施基于二元疾病管理理论的出科准备护理方案；2023年9月—11月入组的33对设为对照组，实施常规护理。比较两组患者出科准备度、照顾者准备度、ICU住院天数、总住院天数和非计划重返ICU率。结果 64对研究对象完成研究，试验组和对照组各32对。试验组患者及照顾者出科准备度评分均高于对照组，总住院天数低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；试验组患者ICU住院天数低于对照组，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；两组患者均未发生非计划重返ICU事件。结论 基于二元疾病管理理论的ICU患者出科准备护理方案具有较好的科学性及实践意义，可以提高ICU患者与照顾者出科准备度，减少患者住院天数。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing program for ICU patient discharge preparation based on the dyadic illness management theory. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a non-concurrent control design. 66 pairs of ICU patients and their caregivers were conveniently selected as study participants. 33 pairs were enrolled from September to November 2023 and assigned to the control group，which received routine care. The other 33 pairs were enrolled from January to March 2024 and assigned to the intervention group，which received a discharge preparation nursing program based on the dyadic illness management theory. The study compared the readiness of ICU patients for discharge，caregiver readiness，days in ICU，total days of hospitalization，and rates of unplanned ICU readmission between the two groups. Results A total of 64 pairs completed，with 32 pairs in each group. The intervention group exhibited significantly higher scores in both readiness of ICU patients and caregivers for discharge compared to the control group（P<0.05）. The total days of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the intervention group（P<0.05）. The duration of stay in ICU was shorter in the intervention group，but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. No unplanned ICU readmissions occurred in either group. Conclusion The nursing program for ICU patient discharge preparation based on the dyadic illness management theory holds scientific and practical value. It can enhance the readiness of ICU patients and caregivers for discharge，thereby reducing the duration of hospitalization.