总结2例抗黑色素瘤分化相关基因5抗体阳性皮肌炎患者行肺移植的术后护理体会。针对该患者肺移植术后易出现感染加重、原发性移植物功能丧失和心血管并发症等问题，采取多方位感染防控、并发症预防和管理、早期康复锻炼、原发病与抗排异药物副作用监测等多项针对性护理措施。经过精心治疗与护理，2例患者病情稳定后均转入普通病房。转出ICU后2个月进行随访，患者状况良好。

To summarize the postoperative nursing experience of two patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis（MDA5-DM） who underwent lung transplantation. To address the problems of infection exacerbation，primary graft dysfunction and cardiovascular complications which were likely to occur after lung transplantation in these patients with anti-MDA5-DM，a number of targeted nursing measures were taken，including multifaceted infection prevention and control，prevention and management of complications，early rehabilitation and exercise，and monitoring of the primary disease and the side effects of immunosppressive drugs. After careful treatment and nursing care，both patients were transferred to the general ward after their conditions were stabilized. A follow-up conducted 2 months after ICU discharge showed patients were in good condition.