目的 检索、评价成人危重症患者保守氧疗相关文献，汇总最佳证据，为临床实践提供参考。方法 制订文献检索策略，遵循“6S”证据模型检索国内外计算机决策支持系统、指南网及专业学会网站、中英文数据库，检索时限为建库至2024年4月22日。选取符合纳入和排除标准的文献，2名研究者独立进行质量评价，并结合专业判断进行证据提取和汇总。结果 共纳入17篇文献，包括4篇指南、2篇证据总结、11篇系统评价，提取保守氧疗目标、禁忌证、启动时机、评估、监测、停氧时机、注意事项、质量控制、益处9个类别，共22条证据。结论 该研究总结了成人危重症患者保守氧疗护理的最佳证据，对医护人员制订合理的氧疗方案、规范临床氧疗护理、保障患者用氧安全具有指导意义，证据应用时还需结合患者具体病情综合评判。

Objective To retrieve and evaluate the relevant literature on conservative oxygen therapy for critically ill adults，summarize the best evidence，and provide references for clinical practice. Methods We developed a literature search strategy following the "6S" evidence model to retrieve computer decision support systems，guideline websites，and professional society websites，as well as Chinese and English databases，with a search timeframe from the establishment of the databases to April 22，2024. Literature that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was selected，and two researchers independently conducted quality assessment and extracted and summarized evidence based on professional judgment. Results A total of 17 articles were included，including 4 guidelines，2 evidence summaries，and 11 systematic reviews. 22 pieces of evidence were extracted into 9 categories：oxygenation targets，contraindications，initiation timing，assessment，monitoring，discontinuation timing，precautions，quality control，and bene-fits of conservative oxygen therapy. Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence for conservative oxygen therapy nursing in adult critically ill patients，which is instructive for medical staff to formulate reasonable oxygen therapy plans，standardize clinical oxygen therapy nursing，and ensure patient oxygen safety. When applying the evidence，it is still necessary to comprehensively judge based on the patients’ specific condition.