目的 收集强直性脊柱炎合并困难气道患者围手术期气道管理的有效证据，并提炼最佳证据。方法 系统检索国内外指南库、Cochrane Library、PubMed、OVID、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方等数据库，查找强直性脊柱炎合并困难气道患者围手术期气道管理的相关文献，文献类型包括临床决策、最佳实践、指南、专家共识、系统评价及随机对照研究等，检索时限为建库至2023年5月19日。由两名独立研究员评估文献质量并提取关键信息。结果 共纳入13篇文献，包括3篇临床决策、1篇最佳实践、3篇指南、4篇专家共识、1篇系统评价及1篇随机对照研究。从术前评估与准备、麻醉策略制订、术中监测与管理与术后加速康复管理4个方面归纳了22条核心证据。结论 该研究为临床医护人员提供了科学的循证依据，有助于优化强直性脊柱炎合并困难气道患者的围手术期气道管理策略，降低并发症风险，加速患者康复进程，提升整体护理质量和治疗效果。

Objective To collect and summarize the effective evidence of perioperative airway management in patients with ankylosing spondylitis complicated with difficult airway. Methods We comprehensively and systematically searched literatures related to perioperative airway management in patients with ankylosing spondylitis complicated with difficult airway from relevant domestic and foreign guide websites，Cochrane Library，PubMed，OVID，Embase，Web of Science，CNKI，Wanfang and other databases. The literature types included clinical decision，best practices，guidelines，expert consensus，systematic reviews，and randomized controlled trials. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to May 19，2023. Two researchers independently evaluated literature quality and extracted data. Results Thirteen articles were included，including 3 clinical decisions，1 best practice，3 guidelines，4 expert consensuses，1 systematic review and 1 randomized controlled trial. The 22 best evidences were summarized from four aspects：preoperative assessment，anesthesia strategy，intraoperative monitoring，and postoperative rehabilitation. Conclusion This study provides clinical healthcare professionals with scientific evidence-based guidance，which helps to optimize the perioperative airway management strategies for patients with ankylosing spondylitis complicated with difficult airway，reduce the risk of complications，accelerate the rehabilitation process of patients，and improve the overall quality of nursing and treatment outcomes.