目的 探讨儿童在重症监护后所经历的心理与社会适应过程，为临床干预和家庭支持提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性现象学研究方法，使用目的抽样法对2023年7月—9月曾在杭州市某三级甲等儿童专科医院PICU住院治疗的15例患儿进行访谈。结果 共提炼出3个主题和9个亚主题：重症监护经历的影响（恐惧与不适的记忆、睡眠紊乱与节律失调、情绪波动与性格转变），家庭与社会的再适应（家庭氛围的陌生与适应、社交能力的退化与重建、学习能力的恢复与挑战），康复过程中的心理调整（健康意识的提升与管理、自我认知的重塑与接纳、社会支持的获得与感激）。结论 经历重症监护后患儿会面临多种心理和社会适应困难，加强患儿情绪管理，建立以医院、家庭和学校为核心的联动支持体系，优化随访服务并提升家庭健康教育，对改善其长期适应具有重要意义。

Objective This study explored the psychological and social adaptation process of children after intensive care，aiming to provide scientific evidence for clinical interventions and family support. Methods A descriptive phenomenological approach was employed，using purposive sampling to recruit 15 children who had been hospitalized in the PICU of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Hangzhou from July to September 2023. Results Three themes and nine subthemes were identified：impact of the intensive care experience（memories of fear and discomfort，sleep disturbances and rhythm disruption，emotional fluctuations and personality changes）；re-adaptation to family and society（unfamiliarity and adaptation to the family environment，deterioration and rebuilding of social skills，recovery and challenges in learning abilities）；and psychological adjustment during rehabilitation（enhanced health awareness and self-management，reformation and acceptance of self-identity，acquisition of social support and gratitude）. Conclusion Children who experience intensive care face various psychological and social adaptation challenges. Strengthening emotional management，establishing a hospital-family-school integrated support system，optimizing follow-up services，and enhancing family health education are essential for improving their long-term adaptation.