目的 探讨低温中药口腔喷雾在全麻术后拔管患者中的应用效果，为建立有效的口渴管理策略提供依据。方法 选取2023年1月—8月浙江省某三级甲等中医院全麻手术患者126例，使用Excel随机数法分为A、B、C 3组，每组各42例。A组拔管后采用低温中药口腔喷雾（2~8 ℃）干预，B组拔管后采用常温中药口腔喷雾（20~24 ℃）干预，C组拔管后采用低温灭菌注射用水口腔喷雾（2~8 ℃）干预。观察3组患者在拔管前5 min（T0）、拔管后30 min（T1）、拔管后60 min（T2）和拔管后180 min（T3）的口渴相关指标变化情况。结果 3组患者口渴程度评分、唇舌口腔黏膜湿润程度评分、静息唾液流率在T0时间点组间比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05），组间主效应和时间主效应差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001），组间和时间因素存在交互效应（P<0.001）；口渴程度评分、唇舌口腔黏膜湿润程度评分在T1、T2、T3时间点及干预前后差值的组间两两比较，AC组均无统计学意义（P>0.05），AB、BC组间均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；静息唾液流率在T1、T2、T3时间点及干预前后差值3组间两两比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论 低温中药口腔喷雾与常温中药口腔喷雾或低温灭菌注射用水口腔喷雾相比，可增加患者静息唾液流率。建议临床护理人员在保证安全的前提下将干预时机提前，以尽早缓解患者口渴等不适体验。

Objective To investigate the application effect of low-temperature traditional Chinese medicine oral spray in patients undergoing extubation after general anesthesia，and to provide a basis for developing effective strategies for managing thirst. Methods A total of 126 patients undergoing general anesthesia surgery at a Grade A Class III traditional Chinese medicine hospital in Zhejiang Province from January 2023 to August 2023 were selected and divided into three groups using the excel random number method，with 42 cases in each group. Group A received low-temperature Chinese medicine oral spray（2-8 ℃） after extubation，while group B received normal temperature Chinese medicine oral spray（20-24 ℃） after extubation. Group C was treated with low temperature sterilized water for injection oral spray（2-8 ℃） after extubation. Thirst-related indexes of the three groups were observed at 5 minutes before extubation（T0），30 minutes after extubation（T1），60 minutes after extubation（T2），and 180 minutes after extubation（T3）. Results There were no significant differences in thirst scores，lip and tongue oral mucosal moistness score，and unstimulated whole saliva among the three groups at T0 （all P>0.05）. The main effects among groups and time were statistically significant（both P<0.001），with an interaction effect between groups and time also being observed（P<0.001）. There was no significant difference in thirst score or lip and tongue oral mucosal moistness score between group A and group C at T1，T2，T3 or before/after intervention changes（P>0.05），but there was a significant difference between A/B and B/C groups（P<0.05）. The differences in unstimulated whole saliva at T1，T2，and T3 as well as before/after intervention among the three groups were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Low temperature traditional Chinese medicine oral spray can increase unstimulated whole saliva compared to normal temperature traditional Chinese medicine oral spray or low temperature sterilized water for injection oral spray. It is suggested that clinical nursing staff should advance the intervention time on the premise of ensuring safety so as to relieve patients’ thirst and other discomfort experience as soon as possible.