欧洲呼吸协会于2022年发布了《急性呼吸衰竭患者经鼻高流量氧疗临床实践指南》，该指南旨在为急性低氧性呼吸衰竭、手术患者术后拔管、非手术患者拔管以及高碳酸血症型呼吸衰竭4种情境下的氧疗管理提供指导。 涵盖了8个主题，下设相应的推荐意见。 尽管该指南的制订方法规范严谨，但需要指出的是，现有的临床证据质量等级并不高，尚需更多研究来进一步支持这些推荐意见的有效性。尽管如此，这份指南仍可帮助急诊医护人员更好地开展急性呼吸衰竭患者的氧疗实践。

The European Respiratory Society published the “ERS clinical practice guidelines：high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure” in 2022. These guidelines aim to provide precise guidance for oxygen therapy in four different scenarios：acute hypoxemic respiratory failure，post-extubation in surgical patients，post-extubation in non-surgical patients，and hypercapnic respiratory failure. The guidelines covers eight topics，each with corresponding recommendations. Although the methodology for developing the guidelines is very systematic and rigorous，it should be noted that the current level of clinical evidence is not very high. This may require more research to further support the effectiveness of these recommendations. Nevertheless，the guidelines help healthcare professionals to better implement oxygen therapy for patients with acute respiratory failure.