目的 探讨并分析新生儿重症监护室（neonatal intensive care unit，NICU）护士安宁疗护核心能力要素，为护理管理者对其开展安宁疗护教育和培训提供有价值的参考。方法 采用质性研究的方法，于2024年2月—5月，对来自浙江省、江苏省、湖南省3所三级甲等儿童医院的15名医护人员、社工及志愿者进行半结构式访谈，采用Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈内容进行整理并分析。 结果 NICU护士安宁疗护核心能力归纳为7个主题：综合评估能力、症状管理能力、心理-精神支持能力、社会支持能力、沟通与合作能力、自我调节与自主学习能力、恪守道德与伦理。 结论 NICU护士在提供安宁疗护时应该具备多方面的能力，其综合评估能力是实施安宁疗护的前提，症状管理能力是提高临终新生儿生存质量的核心，心理-精神支持能力和社会支持能力是给予家属哀伤辅导的关键，沟通与合作能力是解决临终新生儿及家属问题的方法，自我调节与自主学习能力是保持自身情绪稳定的根本，恪守道德与伦理是处理冲突的依据。

Objective To explore and analyze the core competence elements of palliative care among nurses in neonatal intensive care unit（NICU），aiming to provide a valuable reference for nursing administrators to conduct education and training in palliative care. Methods A qualitative research method was adopted，involving semi-structured interviews with a total of 15 medical staff，social workers，and volunteers from three tertiary class A children’s hospitals in Zhejiang，Jiangsu，and Hunan provinces from February to May 2024. The interview contents were sorted out and analyzed by using Colaizzi’s method. Results The core competence of NICU nurses in palliative care could be summarized into 7 themes：comprehensive assessment ability，symptom management ability，psycho-spiritual support ability，social support ability，communication and cooperation ability，self-regulation and self-learning ability，and moral and ethical adherence. Conclusion NICU nurses should have various abilities when providing palliative care. Comprehensive assessment ability is the prerequisite for implementing palliative care，symptom management ability is the core of improving the quality of life for terminally ill newborns，psycho-spiritual support ability and social support ability are crucial for offering bereavement support to bereaved families，communication and cooperation ability is the method to solve the problems for terminally ill newborns and their families，self-regulation and self-learning ability is fundamental to maintaining self emotional stability，and moral and ethical adherence is the basis for handling conflicts.