总结1例呕血伴意识不清，诊断为低钠血症性脑病患者的急救护理体会。针对患者起病急、病因不明、烦躁不合作等护理难点，详细追溯病史发现，患者有大量饮水等过度遵医行为，为医疗团队鉴别诊断提供依据。给予补钠、止血、护胃等对症治疗，合理使用保护性约束，针对性量化饮水指导等护理。患者住院第4天，病情好转出院。随访3个月，病情稳定，遵医行为良好。

To summarize the emergency nursing care of a patient diagnosed with hyponatremic encephalopathy who had hematemesis complicated with unconsciousness. In response to the nursing difficulties of the patient with sudden onset，unknown etiology，irritability and lack of cooperation，emergency nurses traced the patient’s medical history in detail and found that the patient had excessive compliance with medical treatment，quickly providing differential diagnosis basis for the medical team. Combining symptomatic treatments such as sodium supplementation，hemostasis and gastric protection，reasonable use of protective constraints，targeted quantitative drinking water guidance were provided. After 4 days，the patient’s condition improved and was discharged. Follow up of 3 months showed stable condition and good compliance with medical treatment.