Objective To clarify the risk factors of hypothermia in emergency trauma patients by meta-analysis. Methods The cohort studies and case-control studies on the risk factors of hypothermia in the trauma patients were searched by computer in CNKI，VIP，WanFang data，CBM，PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，and Cochrane Library. The search time was from the inception of databases until July 2023. After independent literature screening，data extraction，and quality evaluation by two researchers，RevMan 5.4.1 was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 10 articles were included，including 8 risk factors：systolic blood pressure （OR=0.99），Revised Trauma Score （RTS） （OR =0.60），Injury Severe Score （ISS） （OR =1.02），patients lying on the ground when the ambulance arrived（OR =8.22），temperature （OR =0.95），winter（OR =2.20），warm measures during transport （OR =0.25） and pre-hospital intubation（OR=6.41）. Conclusion Systolic blood pressure，RTS，ISS，lying on the ground when the ambulance arrives，air temperature，winter，keeping warm during transport and pre-hospital intubation are the influencing factors of hypothermia in emergency trauma patients. It is suggested that nurses can rely on the influencing factors，take targeted preventive measures to reduce the incidence of hypothermia，thereby reducing the risk of death in trauma patients.