eISSN 2097-6046
ISSN 2096-7446
CN 10-1655/R
Responsible Institution：China Association for Science and Technology
Sponsor：Chinese Nursing Association
中华急危重症护理杂志

Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing >

2026 , Vol. 7 >Issue 7: 827 - 835

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.07.008

Special Planning—Pain Management in Emergency and Critical Illness

A study on the construction of evidence map for non-pharmacological analgesia in critically ill patients

  • HAN Jianping ,
  • REN Yaxing ,
  • LI Ying ,
  • HOU Pengxiao ,
  • WANG Yali ,
  • E Haiyan
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  • 1 Intensive Care Unit， Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100078， China
    2 Traditional Chinese Medicine Non-Pharmaceutical Outpatient Clinic， Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100078， China
    3 Department of Nursing， Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100078， China

Received date: 2025-09-02

  Online published: 2026-07-01

Supported by

National High Level Chinese Medicine Hospital Clinical Research Funding(DFRC-QHTS2025-006)

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Abstract

Objective To systematically describe and evaluate the current situation and relevant evidence of non-pharmaceutical intervention for pain in critically ill patients，to provide evidence-based support for the application of non-pharmaceutical analgesia in clinical practice. Methods PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，CINAHL，CNKI，VIP，and Wanfang databases were retrieved to obtain systematic reviews or meta-analyses of pain in critically ill patients with non-pharmaceutical interventions in the past 10 years. Literature was screened strictly in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria，and the methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2（AMSTAR 2）. The relevant information of the included literature was comprehensively presented by using the evidence map. Results A total of 15 articles were included in this study，including 7 non-pharmaceutical analgesic measures：virtual reality technology，acupuncture therapy，massage，music intervention，guided imagery，spiritual care，and aromatherapy. The included literature suggested that non-pharmacological interventions had a certain effect in relieving pain in critically ill patients. The quality evaluation results showed that the overall methodological quality of the papers was low，with 2 papers rated as high，4 as intermediate，6 as low，and 3 as very low. The results of the evidence map showed that the conclusions of 4 studies were beneficial，9 were possibly beneficial，1 had no differential effect，and 1 was uncertain. Conclusion The current evidence shows that non-pharmacological interventions can relieve pain in critically ill patients，but the methodological quality of relevant studies needs to be improved. It is suggested that standardized and high-quality research should be carried out in the future to provide more scientific and reliable evidence to support non-pharmacological interventions for pain in critically ill patients.

Key words： Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention; Critically Ill Patients; Pain; Evidence Map; Evidence-Based Nursing

Cite this article

HAN Jianping , REN Yaxing , LI Ying , HOU Pengxiao , WANG Yali , E Haiyan . A study on the construction of evidence map for non-pharmacological analgesia in critically ill patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026 , 7(7) : 827 -835 . DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.07.008

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