eISSN 2097-6046
ISSN 2096-7446
CN 10-1655/R
Responsible Institution：China Association for Science and Technology
Sponsor：Chinese Nursing Association
中华急危重症护理杂志

Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing >

2026 , Vol. 7 >Issue 7: 820 - 826

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.07.007

Special Planning—Pain Management in Emergency and Critical Illness

Development and validation of a knowledge，attitude，and practice questionnaire on procedural pain management among ICU nurses

  • HUANG Jie ,
  • LAO Yuewen ,
  • CHEN Xiangping ,
  • ZHANG Yanfei ,
  • ZHANG Minyan ,
  • JIANG Mei ,
  • GONG Xiaoyan
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  • Nursing Department， Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine， Hangzhou 310016， China

Received date: 2025-12-01

  Online published: 2026-07-01

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Abstract

Objective To develop a questionnaire on knowledge，attitude，and practice（KAP） regarding procedural pain management among ICU nurses and examine its reliability and validity，so as to provide a reliable tool for assessing the KAP levels in this area. Methods Based on the KAP theoretical framework，the initial questionnaire was developed through literature review and Delphi expert consultation. A convenience sampling method was used to select 800 clinical nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province for a survey conducted from July to August 2025，and reliability and validity tests were performed. Results A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed，yielding 787 valid responses，for an effective response rate of 98.38%. The final questionnaire included 36 items across knowledge，attitude，and practice dimensions. The expert authority coefficients for the two Delphi rounds were 0.88 and 0.90，with Kendall’s W of 0.280 and 0.450，and positive coefficients of 100% for both rounds. The content validity index ranged from 0.875 to 1.000，with an average of 0.901. Factor analysis indicated good structural validity，with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 72.56% and a good model fit in the confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s α of the questionnaire was 0.972 for the overall scale，split-half reliability was 0.843，and test-retest reliability was 0.915. Conclusion The KAP Questionnaire about procedural pain management exhibits good reliability and validity，and can serve as a reliable instrument for evaluating ICU nurses’ knowledge，attitudes，and practices in procedural pain management.

Key words： Intensive Care Units; Procedural Pain; Scale Development; Reliability; Validity

Cite this article

HUANG Jie , LAO Yuewen , CHEN Xiangping , ZHANG Yanfei , ZHANG Minyan , JIANG Mei , GONG Xiaoyan . Development and validation of a knowledge，attitude，and practice questionnaire on procedural pain management among ICU nurses[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2026 , 7(7) : 820 -826 . DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2026.07.007

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