我国23个省份动物致伤门急诊设置及护理现况的调查研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.2096-7446.2025.12.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解目前中国动物致伤门急诊设置情况、护理工作等现况，推动学科发展。方法通过查阅文献和专家咨询设计调查问卷，问卷包括调查对象基本资料、动物致伤门急诊设置情况、护理工作内容及疫苗接种3部分。采用方便抽样法，于2023年11月—12月选取中国从事动物致伤工作的护理人员进行调查。结果共回收有效问卷318份，调查对象涵盖中国23个省份、69个地区的123所医疗机构。各医疗机构对“动物致伤门急诊”叫法不一，工作内容包括动物致伤门急诊的管理、预检分诊、伤口处理、主被动免疫制剂的注射、不良反应观察、健康教育、随访、科普宣传、教学科研等；护士在工作中遇到的主要问题包含伤口处理知识、能力不足，患者理解、配合度不足，岗位管理不清晰，人员配备不足，医护协作待加强等；动物致伤门诊疫苗接种存在多项差异，包括皮肤消毒剂选择、注射器选择、接种部位、接种前疫苗复温等。结论中国23个省份的医院动物致伤门急诊设置情况、护理工作内容、疫苗接种操作细节等均存在差异。建议建立专业的学术平台和队伍，规范动物致伤门急诊名称和护理人员培训内容、频次、考核等；制订行业标准，规范疫苗接种和管理；制订明确的岗位职责、工作内容、工作流程和操作标准，加强医护之间的沟通和协作；强化护士科研能力培养，推动动物致伤护理的不断发展。

关键词: 动物致伤, 咬伤, 狂犬病, 疫苗接种, 护理, 现况调查, 工作内容

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current status of the setting and nursing work in animal injury clinic and emergency department in China，so as to promote the development of the discipline of nursing. Methods A questionnaire was developed through literature review and expert consultation. The questionnaire included basic information and the setting in animal injury clinic，nursing work content and vaccination. Using convenience sampling method，a survey will be conducted from November to December 2023 on nursing staff engaged in animal injury work nationwide. Results A total of 318 valid questionnaires were collected，covering 123 medical institutions in 69 regions of 23 provinces. The results showed that different medical institutions had different names for "animal injury clinic"，and the work contents included management of animal injury clinic，triage，wound management，active and passive immune preparation injection，adverse reaction observation，health education，follow-up，science popularization，teaching and scientific research，etc. The main problems encountered by nurses in the work included insufficient knowledge/ability of wound management，insufficient understanding/cooperation of patients，unclear post management，insufficient staffing，and doctor-nurse collaboration to be strengthened. There were many differences in the vaccination of animal injury clinics，including the selection of skin disinfectant during vaccination，the selection of syringe，the site of vaccination，and the rewarming of the vaccine before vaccination. Conclusion There are differences in the settings of hospital animal-induced injury clinic（emergency） departments，the contents of nursing work，and the details of vaccination operations in 23 provinces of our country. A professional academic platform and team should be established to standardize the name of animal injury clinic and the training contents，frequency and assessment of nursing staff，formulate industry standards to standardize vaccination and management. And clear job responsibilities，work content，work flow and operating standards should be formulated，communication and collaboration between doctors and nurses should be strengthened，and the training of nurses’ scientific research ability should be enhanced to promote the continuous development of animal injury nursing.

Key words: Animal Injury, Bite, Rabies, Vaccination, Nursing, Current Status, Work Content

麦智德, 张梦杰, 刘珵, 刘斯, 张建霞. 我国23个省份动物致伤门急诊设置及护理现况的调查研究[J]. 中华急危重症护理杂志, 2025, 6(12): 1476-1481.

MAI Zhide, ZHANG Mengjie, LIU Cheng, LIU Si, ZHANG Jianxia. Investigation on the setting and nursing status of animal injury clinic and emergency department in 23 provinces of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, 2025, 6(12): 1476-1481.

图/表 3

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