Abstract: The European Respiratory Society published the “ERS clinical practice guidelines：high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure” in 2022. These guidelines aim to provide precise guidance for oxygen therapy in four different scenarios：acute hypoxemic respiratory failure，post-extubation in surgical patients，post-extubation in non-surgical patients，and hypercapnic respiratory failure. The guidelines covers eight topics，each with corresponding recommendations. Although the methodology for developing the guidelines is very systematic and rigorous，it should be noted that the current level of clinical evidence is not very high. This may require more research to further support the effectiveness of these recommendations. Nevertheless，the guidelines help healthcare professionals to better implement oxygen therapy for patients with acute respiratory failure.

Key words: Acute Respiratory Failure, High-flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy, Guideline, Interpretation, European Respiratory Society