目的 设计仿生宫外发育体位辅助管理包,并评价其应用效果。方法 自制仿生宫外发育体位辅助管理包,由二合一保暖防惊跳包被、包裹底垫、支撑固定带三部分组成。采用类实验研究的方法,选取2022年7月—2023年5月杭州市某三级甲等儿童医院收治的94例早产儿为研究对象。2022年7月—11月入院的47例早产儿纳入对照组,2023年1月—5月入院的47例早产儿纳入试验组。试验组采用仿生宫外发育体位辅助管理包进行体位支持;对照组采用传统“鸟巢”式体位护理。比较两组早产儿24 h不同体位生理性屈曲和不良姿势时长、体位维持有效性和舒适度、惊跳反射次数、睡眠时长及出生后4周生长发育情况。结果 试验组在仰卧位和左、右侧位时,生理性屈曲时长显著大于对照组,不良姿势时长显著小于对照组,体位维持有效性和舒适度显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组24 h惊跳反射次数显著少于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组24 h睡眠时长、第2~4周的体重增长显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 仿生宫外发育体位辅助管理包有助于早产儿维持生理性屈曲,提高舒适度,有效促进早产儿的生长发育。

Objective To design a biomimetic ectopic development position assistance management package and evaluate its application. Methods The biomimetic ectopic development position assistance management package consists of three parts：2-in-1 warm and anti-jumping blanket,wrapped bottom cushion,and supportive and fixed belt. Using the method of quasi-experimental study,94 preterm infants admitted to a Grade 3 A children‘s hospital in Hangzhou from July 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the study objects. Forty-seven preterm infants admitted from July to November 2022 were included in the control group,and 47 preterm infants admitted from January to May 2023 were included in the experimental group. The experimental group used the biomimetic ectopic development position assistance management package for positional support;the control group used the traditional "bird‘s nest" for positional care. The length of 24-hour physiological flexion and poor posture in different positions,the effectiveness and comfort of position maintenance,the number of startle reflexes,the length of sleep,and the growth and development of preterm infants at 4 weeks after birth were compared between the two groups. Results In the experimental group,the length of physiological flexion was significantly greater than that of the control group in the supine position and the left and right lateral positions,the length of poor posture was significantly less than that of the control group,and the effectiveness of position maintenance and comfort were significantly higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The number of 24-h startle reflexes in the experimental group was significantly less than that of the control group（P<0.05）. The length of 24h sleep,and the body weight gain of the experimental group in the second to the fourth week were significantly higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The biomimetic ectopic development position assistance management package helps preterm infants maintain physiologic flexion,improve comfort,which can effectively promote preterm growth and development.