目的 探索急诊科护士替代性创伤的潜在类别及影响因素,并比较各类别间替代性创伤后成长水平的差异。方法 采用方便抽样法,于2022年3月—5月选取安徽省20所公立综合医院的498名急诊科护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、救助者替代性创伤问卷、创伤后成长评定量表进行问卷调查。结果 急诊科护士替代性创伤可分为低创伤组（15.5%）、中等创伤组（53.0%）、高创伤-生活信念受损组（31.5%）3个类别。不同类别护士的替代性创伤后成长得分,差异具有统计学意义（F=3.736,P=0.025）。Logistic回归结果显示,性格偏向、是否参加过突发公共事件应急培训、护患关系是替代性创伤潜在类别的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 急诊科护士替代性创伤可划分为3个类别,替代性创伤程度越高,其替代性创伤后成长水平越高。护理管理者应关注性格内向、未参加过突发公共事件应急培训、护患关系差的急诊科护士,并采取针对性的干预措施,以减少替代性创伤的发生。
Objective To explore the latent classes and influencing factors of vicarious traumatization in emergency department nurses,and compare the levels of vicarious posttraumatic growth according to their classifications. Methods A total of 498 emergency department nurses from 20 public general hospitals in Anhui Province were selected by convenient sampling method from March to May 2022. The general data questionnaire,the Vicarious Traumatization Questionnaire and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory were used for questionnaire investigation. Results The vicarious traumatization of emergency department nurses could be divided into three categories：low trauma group（15.5%）,medium trauma group（53.0%） and high trauma-impaired life belief group（31.5%）. Nurses with different categories had differences in vicarious posttraumatic growth scores（F=3.736,P=0.025）. Logistic regression results showed that personality,whether to participate in public emergency response training,and nurse-patient relationship were influencing factors of the latent categories of vicarious traumatization. Conclusion Vicarious traumatization for emergency department nurses could be divided into three categories,the higher the degree of vicarious traumatization,the higher the level of vicarious posttraumatic growth. Nursing managers should pay special attention to emergency department nurses who are introverted,have not participated in emergency training for public emergencies,and have poor nurse-patient relationships,and take targeted intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of vicarious traumatization.
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