机器学习算法是指研究分析数据,从而获得数据间的规律,并利用规律对未知数据进行预测的算法。电子病历中包括反映患者疾病相关的海量数据信息,这为机器学习在医疗护理领域的实践提供了数据基础。该文综述了机器学习在新生儿败血症早期识别和护理领域的应用现状,从电子病历数据库中获取包括患儿人口统计学特征、生命体征、抗生素使用情况、病原学特征和整个新生儿住院期间的治疗等数据,通过机器学习算法研发预测模型,以期为护理工作者针对新生儿败血症实现早期识别、尽早实施护理计划、提供护理干预给予参考。机器学习建模可用于新生儿败血症的早期识别和诊断,临床推广还有待于多中心大规模数据基础上应用前瞻性研究方法进一步证实其准确性和广泛适应性。
Machine learning algorithms are algorithms that study and analyze data to obtain regularities among the data and use the regularities to predict unknown data. Electronic medical records contain a large amount of data information about patients' diseases,which provides the data basis for the practice of machine learning in the field of medical and nursing. This article reviewed the application status of machine learning in the early identification and nursing of neonatal sepsis,including obtaining data such as demographic characteristics,vital signs,antibiotic use,etiological characteristics and treatment of the entire hospitalization period from the electronic medical record database,and developing predictive models through machine learning algorithms,in order to provide reference for clinic nurses to realize early identification of neonatal sepsis,implement nursing plans as early as possible,and provide nursing interventions. Machine learning modeling can be used for early identification and diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Its accuracy and wide adaptability need to be further confirmed by prospective studies based on multi-center large-scale data.
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