目的 设计智能交替式减压充气枕并探讨其应用效果。方法 智能交替式减压充气枕（简称充气枕）是由可粘贴的泡沫敷料、水袋、充气垫、充气管、机芯及遥控器6个部分组成。选取浙江省某三级甲等医院心脏监护室2020年10月—2021年4月收治的50例患儿为试验组,采用充气枕;2020年3月—9月收治的50例患儿为对照组,采用传统自制水袋枕。比较两组患儿使用前后血压、心率及SpO2的变化,头枕部皮肤压力性损伤、皮肤潮湿度及颈部皮肤褶烂发生情况;调查护士使用的满意度。结果 试验组使用前后血压、SpO2的改变,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;对照组使用前后血压、心率及SpO2的改变,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组压力性损伤发生率、皮肤潮湿度均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;护士使用总体满意率为97%。结论 智能交替式减压充气枕操作简单便捷,可有效降低头枕部压力性损伤的发生率,减少血流动力学的波动,护士使用满意度高。
Objective To design the intelligent alternating decompression inflatable pillow and test its application effect. Methods The intelligent alternating decompression inflatable pillow was composed of six parts：adhesive foam dressing,water bag,inflatable cushion,inflatable tube,chip and remote controller. 50 children admitted from October 2020 to April 2021 were selected as the experimental group,and intelligent alternating decompression inflatable pillow was adopted. A total of 50 children admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit of a tertiary class A hospital in Zhejiang Province from March to September 2020 were selected as the control group and traditional self-designed water bag pillow was used. The changes of blood pressure,heart rate and SpO2,the occurrence of skin pressure injury of head and occipital area,skin moisture and the occurrence of neck skin folds ulcers were compared between the two groups. To investigate the nurses' satisfaction with using the intelligent decompression inflatable pillow. Results The changes of blood pressure,heart rate and SpO2 were not statistically different before and after the application in the experimental group（P> 0.05）,while there were statistically different in the control group（P< 0.05）. The incidence of pressure injury and skin moisture of the children in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,and the difference were statistically significant（P< 0.05）. The overall satisfaction rate of the nurses was 97.14%. Conclusion The intelligent alternating decompression inflatable pillow is simple and convenient to operate,and can effectively reduce the incidence of head and occipital pressure injury,reduce the fluctuation of hemodynamics. The nurses have high satisfaction.
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