目的 调查新生儿重症监护室（neonatal intensive care unit,NICU）护士死亡态度与安宁疗护教育需求现状,并分析两者的相关性。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取上海市、杭州市、温州市5所三级甲等医院的NICU护士作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、死亡态度描绘量表和安宁疗护教育需求量表进行调查。结果 共调查198名NICU护士,其安宁疗护教育需求总分为（132.19±20.88）分;死亡态度各维度条目均分由高到低依次为中性接受（4.09±0.56）分、死亡逃避（3.28±0.85）分、死亡恐惧（3.07±0.84）分、趋近接受（2.71±0.83）分、逃离接受（2.71±0.99）分。NICU护士的中性接受态度与安宁疗护教育需求呈正相关（r=0.169~0.524,P<0.01）。中性接受和负向态度均进入了NICU护士安宁疗护教育需求影响因素模型（F=10.947,P<0.001）,可解释安宁疗护教育需求21.4%的变异。结论 NICU护士对死亡的态度呈两极分化,护士越趋于中性接受态度,其安宁疗护教育需求越高。管理者应引导护士趋近中性接受的死亡态度,加强安宁疗护教育,提升新生儿安宁疗护的质量。
Objective To investigate the status quo of nurses' attitude towards death and demand for hospice education in neonatal intensive care unit（NICU）,and to analyze the correlation between the two variables. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select NICU nurses from 5 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai,Hangzhou and Wenzhou as the research objects,and the survey was carried out using the general information questionnaire,Death Attitude Profile Scale and Palliative Care Education Needs Scale. Results A total of 198 NICU nurses were investigated,and the total score of their hospice education needs was （132.19± 20.88） points. The average score of each dimension of death attitude from high to low is neutral acceptance（4.09± 0.56） points,death avoidance（3.28± 0.85） points,death fear（3.07± 0.84） points,approach acceptance（2.71± 0.83） points,escape acceptance（2.71± 0.99） points. The neutral accepting attitude of NICU nurses was positively correlated with educational needs of hospice care（r=0.169~0.524,P< 0.01）. Neutral acceptance and negative attitude were included in the influencing factor model of NICU nurses' hospice education needs（F=10.947,P< 0.001）,which could explain 21.4% of the variation in hospice education needs. Conclusion NICU nurses have a polarized attitude towards death. The more the nurses tend to have a neutral accepting attitude,the higher the demand for hospice education. Managers should guide nurses towards a neutral attitude towards death,strengthen hospice education,and improve the nursing quality of neonatal palliative care.
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