目的 定义直升机紧急医疗服务（helicopter emergency medical services，HEMS）转运途中风险事件的概念内涵，为早期进行风险防控提供参考。 方法 系统检索PubMed、Web of Science Core Collection、ProQuest、Embase、CINAHL、中国知网和万方数据库中的相关文献，检索时限为2006年1月1日—2025年11月30日。应用Rodgers演化概念分析法对纳入文献进行分析。 结果 HEMS转运途中风险事件包括航空与医疗环境实时交互、跨专业团队应急协同、即时损害传导3个概念属性。前置因素涉及患者因素、机组因素、设备因素、环境因素和管理因素；后置影响为在风险事件未能得到及时防控情况下，可能会危及患者生命安全、影响患者预后，加重随行医护人员的身心负荷，甚至影响直升机医学救援体系的可持续性。 结论 直升机医疗转运途中易受飞行噪声、加速度及空间限制等多种不确定性因素影响，可能导致患者病情恶化、机组安全受损或医疗目标偏离等风险事件。未来可结合人工智能技术研发HEMS转运途中风险事件预测模型，量化关键风险因素及其指标阈值，并制订针对性防控策略，从而提升转运质量与患者安全。

Objective To define the concept of risk incidents during helicopter emergency medical services （HEMS） transfer，and to provide a reference for early risk prevention and control. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed，Web of Science Core Collection，ProQuest，Embase，CINAHL，China National Knowledge Infrastructure，and Wanfang Database，with a timeframe from January 1，2006 to November 30，2025. Rodgers evolutionary conceptual analysis was applied to analyze the included literature. Results Risk incidents during HEMS included three conceptual attributes，including real-time interaction between aviation and healthcare environment，interprofessional team emergency response collaboration，and immediate damage transmission. The antecedent factors involved patient factors，crew factors，equipment factors，environment factors，and management factors. The posterior outcomes were that，in the event of a risk incident not being promptly controlled，they may jeopardize the patient’s life and prognosis，exacerbate the physical and mental strain on medical personnel，and even compromise the sustainability of the helicopter medical rescue system. Conclusion Helicopter medical transportation is susceptible to various uncertainties，including aviation noise，acceleration，and spatial constraints，which may lead to risk incidents such as patient deterioration，crew safety impairment，and deviation from medical objectives. Future research may integrate artificial intelligence to develop predictive models for risk incidents during HEMS transport，quantifying key risk factors and their threshold indicators. This would enable the formulation of targeted prevention and control strategies，thereby enhancing transport quality and patient safety.