目的 基于社会情境理论探讨护士长多元领导风格对ICU护士安全行为的影响机制，为护理安全管理提供科学依据。方法 采用聚敛式混合研究设计。便利抽样调查浙江省14所三级甲等医院的446名ICU护士，使用一般情况调查表、多元领导风格量表、差错管理氛围量表、差错压力取向量表及护士安全行为量表，采用多重线性回归和结构方程模型分析作用路径。目的抽样15名ICU护士进行质性访谈，并进行内容分析。结果 量性研究显示，护士长多元领导风格是ICU护士安全行为的重要影响因素，差错管理氛围和差错压力取向在其中发挥链式中介作用。质性研究提炼出领导风格的作用、组织氛围的影响、不安全事件反应及个体内在驱动4个主题。混合研究补充揭示工作负荷、团队协作及风险益处认知对安全行为的影响。结论 护士长多元领导风格可直接影响ICU护士安全行为，并通过“差错管理氛围→差错压力取向”的链式中介作用间接影响ICU护士安全行为。护士长在管理实践中应兼顾多元领导风格建设、差错管理氛围营造及差错压力干预，以促进护士主动安全行为。

Objective Based on the social context theory，this study explored the influence and mechanism of the multiple leadership styles of head nurses on the safety behaviors of ICU nurses，providing a scientific basis for nursing safety management. Methods A convergent mixed-methods design was adopted. Using convenience sampling，446 ICU nurses from 14 tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province were surveyed with the general data questionnaire，Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire，Error Management Climate Scale，Error Strain Orientation Questionnaire and Nurse Safety Behavior Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling were conducted to analyze the pathways of influence. In addition，purposive sampling was used to conduct qualitative interviews with 15 ICU nurses，and data were analyzed using content analysis. Results Quantitative findings indicated that nurse managers’ multiple leadership style was a significant predictor of ICU nurses’ safety behaviors，with error management climate and error strain orientation playing a chain mediating role. Qualitative analysis identified four themes，including roles of leadership style，influence of organizational atmosphere，responses to unsafe events，and individual intrinsic drivers. The mixed-methods integration further revealed the roles of perceived workload，team collaboration，and error-benefit cognition in shaping safety behaviors. Conclusion Head nurses’ multiple leadership styles directly influence ICU nurses’ safety behaviors and exert an indirect influence through the serial mediating effect of error management climate and error strain orientation. In management practice，head nurses should take into account the construction of multiple leadership styles，the creation of an error management climate，and the intervention of error stress to promote nurses’ proactive safety behaviors.