目的 整合早产儿胃潴留的评估与处理的最佳证据，并评价其应用效果。方法 整合早产儿胃潴留评估与处理的最佳证据，经过基线审查、障碍因素与促进因素分析并构建最佳循证实践方案，于2023年9月—12月在湖北省某三级甲等医院新生儿重症监护病房实施，比较证据应用前后医护人员的认知程度、对审查指标的执行率以及患儿的临床结局。结果 最终纳入10条最佳证据，证据应用后护士对早产儿胃潴留评估及处理证据知晓率提高，各指标认知程度达80%以上；医护人员循证实践行为依从性提高，各指标执行率达75%以上；早产儿肠外营养时间缩短（P<0.05）。结论 早产儿胃潴留评估与处理的最佳证据总结与应用提高了医护人员的认知程度并且规范了实践行为，有利于改善患儿结局。

Objective To integrate the best evidence for the assessment and management of gastric retention in premature infants and apply it in clinical practice，and evaluate the application effects. Methods The best evidence for the assessment and management of gastric retention in premature infants was integrated. After baseline audits，analysis of barriers and facilitators，an optimal evidence-based practice protocol was developed and implemented in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit（NICU） of a tertiary hospital from September to December 2023. Healthcare professionals’ cognitive levels，the implementation rates of audit indicators and the clinical outcomes of the infants were compared before and after the application of the evidence. Results Ultimately，10 pieces of best evidence were included. After the application of the evidence，nurses’ awareness of the evidence for assessing and managing gastric retention in premature infants increased，with cognitive levels for each indicator exceeding 80%. Healthcare professionals’ compliance with evidence-based practice behaviors improved，with implementation rates for each indicator exceeding 75%. The duration of parenteral nutrition in premature infants was shortened（P<0.05）. Conclusion The development and application of the best evidence for the assessment and management of gastric retention in premature infants improved healthcare professionals’ knowledge and standardized practice behaviors，which was beneficial for improving patient outcomes.